Filaggrin Antibody Review

 

 

 

Introduction

  • a basic, histidine-rich, keratin filament-aggregating protein synthesized by cells of keratinizing epithelia, that subserves major physiological functions in maturating epidermis. PMID: 3125677, PMID: 6187370

  • an intermediate filament-associated protein (IFAP) that aggregates epidermal keratin filaments in vitro and is thought to perform a similar function during terminal differentiation in vivo. PMID: 9008231

  • a component of cornified cell envelopes in human plantar epidermis. PMID: 8694761

  • a key protein that facilitates terminal differentiation of the epidermis and formation of the skin barrier. PMID: 16550169

  • filaggrin can disrupt the distribution of desmosome proteins, suggesting an additional role(s) for this protein in the cytoskeletal and desmosomal reorganization that occurs at the granular to cornified cell transition during terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. PMID: 11640884

  • filaggrin aids in the terminal differentiation process by facilitating apoptotic machinery. PMID: 10822280, PMID: 9008231

Normal Expression

  • primarily expressed in the granular cells of the epidermis and in the inner root sheath cells of the hair follicles, respectively. PMID: 9274619

  • present in the granular and horny layers of normal epidermis. PMID: 6385922

  • present in the stratum granulosum which had variable thickness. PMID: 9873228

  • Normal squamous cervical epithelium exhibited a positive homogeneous immunoperoxidase stain in the upper parabasal, intermediate and superficial cell layers. PMID: 8092889

  • localization of filaggrin in lower cornified cells correlates precisely with the formation of aggregated keratin filaments, and the disappearance of filaggrin in upper cornified cells correlates precisely with the loosening of keratin filaments. PMID: 1720750

Diseased Expression

  • Filaggrin was intensely detected in the granular layer in the cyst wall of dermoid cysts (DC). PMID: 16820906

  • expressed in the cornified layer of epidermis and known to be one of the antigenic targets in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 16391515

  • CCP2 can replace other anti-filaggrin antibodies and improve rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis. PMID: 15370715, PMID: 15020336

Expression Alteration

  • Filaggrin expression was elevated in reepithelialized epithelium during human cutaneous wound healing. PMID: 16476070

  • calcitriol alters expression of filaggrin but not keratin K1 in mouse epidermis. PMID: 7542861

  • Acute or chronic topical retinoic acid treatment of human skin in vivo alters the expression of epidermal transglutaminase, loricrin, involucrin, filaggrin, and keratins 6 and 13 but not keratins 1, 10, and 14. PMID: 1372028

  • TPA induces the synthesis of histidine-rich protein (filaggrin) in monolayer cultures of rat keratinocytes. PMID: 2437216

Applications

 

ELISA

  • sera were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), using filaggrin purified from human skin and citrullinated cyclic peptide (CCP) as antigens. PMID: 12594116

  • Antifilaggrin autoantibodies were detected by an ELISA using a recombinant rat filaggrin deiminated in vitro as immunosorbent (ArFA-ELISA). PMID: 12209508

  • A simple and easily standardisable ELISA for detection of antifilaggrin autoantibodies was developed and validated on a large series of patients using a citrullinated recombinant human filaggrin. PMID: 11502616

  • Filaggrin was used as antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure IgG class antifilaggrin antibodies. PMID: 9566352

  • the amount of filaggrin in the skin of the inner surface of the upper arm of AD patients (nonlesional skin) and normal controls, obtained by punch biopsy, was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. PMID: 8844122

Electron Microscopy

  • Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the distinct intracellular distribution of filaggrin and trichohyalin. PMID: 9274619

  • An immunoelectron microscopy analysis showed specific binding of four different anti-(pro)filaggrin monoclonal antibodies to the surface of the CE, proved previously to be free of non-covalently linked proteins. PMID: 8694761

  • Using immunoelectron microscopy we found that the majority of the granules, which are basophilic, are strongly reactive to an anti-filaggrin antibody, while the minority, which are eosinophilic, are not. PMID: 7511866

  • immuno-electron microscopy was used to localize filaggrin and its cross-reactive precursor, profilaggrin, in human and mouse epidermis, as well as in ichthyosis vulgaris epidermis. PMID: 1720750

  • Skin biopsies of ridged and non-ridged skin of normal individuals and patients with autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris (ADI)--characterized by defective keratohyalin synthesis and lack of filaggrin--were investigated by routine transmission electron microscopy and immunogold postembedding techniques using a commercial monoclonal anti-filaggrin antibody. PMID: 1724895

Immunofluorescence

  • seven monoclonal antibodies, against epidermal filaggrin (AHF1-7), were characterized on human epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence, immunogold labeling, and immunoblotting and found to be directed against seven different epitopes of (pro)filaggrin. PMID: 7665925

  • This investigation was carried out on frozen sections using indirect immunofluorescence for filaggrin detection. PMID: 2554264

  • Localization of filaggrin, a human epithelial structural protein, was investigated by indirect-immunofluorescence microscopy of oral mucosa. PMID: 2427596

Immunohistochemistry

  • immunohistochemical studies were performed on trichohyalin and its related proteins, filaggrin and involucrin, the components of the cornified cell envelope. PMID: 10228630

  • Epidermal filaggrin expression was determined using immunohistochemical techniques and Western blot in 12 patients with LI and the findings were compared with those observed in four normal controls and eight patients with ichthyosis vulgaris. PMID: 9990356

  • epidermal proteins filaggrin, involucrin, cystatin A and Ted-H-1 antigen produced during the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes were immunohistochemically measured in lesional and nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. PMID: 8844122

  • Immunohistochemical staining showed an increased number of filaggrin-immunoreactive cell layers, but the reaction was still confined to the mid- and upper epidermal layers, whereas an abnormal granular pattern of staining for K10 began in the lower suprabasal cell layers. This suggests that the aggregation of keratin filaments precedes, and occurs independently of, profilaggrin synthesis during epidermal differentiation. PMID: 7531997

  • Immunohistochemical localization of filaggrin in benign, premalignant and malignant cervical tissue. PMID: 8092889

  • Immunohistochemical localization of filaggrin in benign and malignant lesions of the human oral mucosa. PMID: 2337405

  • filaggrin expression in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of extragenital Bowen's disease and genital bowenoid papulosis. PMID: 2164515

  • formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies of various benign, premalignant and malignant skin tumours were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of filaggrin using the monoclonal anti-filaggrin antibody AKH1. PMID: 2726606

  • Filaggrin, a histidine-rich protein, was located immunohistochemically in human middle ear cholesteatoma by specific antibody. PMID: 2648749

  • An avidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase technique was applied on deparaffinized tissue sections, by using a specific monoclonal antibody (AKH1) to profilaggrin/filaggrin. PMID: 3125677

  • Two monoclonal antibodies (AKH1 and AKH2) were elicited with partially purified human filaggrin and characterized by immunohistochemistry on normal and abnormal skin biopsies, immunoblotting techniques, and antigen purification. PMID: 2434577

  • The distribution pattern of filaggrin in lesions of human oral mucosa was studied with the use of an anti-filaggrin serum raised in rabbits using immunohistochemistry. PMID: 4014435

Western Blot

  • Epidermal filaggrin expression was determined using immunohistochemical techniques and Western blot in 12 patients with LI and the findings were compared with those observed in four normal controls and eight patients with ichthyosis vulgaris. PMID: 9990356

  • Antibodies to filaggrin were detected using immunoblotting techniques with sera diluted 1:50. PMID: 9598878

  • a new diagnostic test for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on detection of antifilaggrin autoantibodies (AFA) by immunoblotting. PMID: 9598877

  • The major structural proteins of epithelia, the keratins, and the keratin filament-associated protein, filaggrin, were analyzed in more than 50 samples of human embryonic and fetal skin by one-dimensional SDS PAGE and immunoblotting with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. PMID: 2413039