Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody Review

Introduction

smooth muscle alpha actin (SM alpha-actin) is the earliest smooth muscle cell marker. PMID: 16252840
Smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMalphaA) is an important actin isoform for functional contractility in the mouse bladder. PMID: 15371786
alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) is a marker of myoepithelial differentiation. PMID: 12440829
alpha-smooth muscle actin is a contractile microfilament expressed solely by smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts and related cells. PMID: 12013093, PMID: 11874079
SMA-enabled contraction may be playing a role in the healing process. PMID: 11996913
Actin is largely responsible for cell motility and is only sparsely found in normal epithelial cells. PMID: 11359490
Hepatic alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, as a marker of hepatic stellate cell activation appears reversible and tends to correlate with necroinflammatory activity. PMID: 11268968
alpha-smooth muscle actin is a specific contractile protein isoform, known to facilitate wound closure in other connective tissues. PMID: 11115150
smooth muscle alpha actin (alphaSMA) is one of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation markers. PMID: 10601102
alpha-smooth muscle actin is a marker for subcapsular cataracts. PMID: 7720396
alpha-Smooth muscle actin may participate in and serve as an early marker of the glomerular injury during the normal aging process. PMID: 8206623
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is a marker of mesangial cell proliferation. PMID: 1671868
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is better a marker for soft tissue tumours comparing with desmin. PMID: 2231189

Normal Expression

We used the specific endothelial marker CD105 to highlight the activated endothelial cells and antibodies against smooth muscle cell actin (SMA) for perivascular cells. PMID: 17502949
Here we provide direct neurochemical proof that olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), both in vitro and in vivo, express smooth muscle alpha-actin. PMID: 17492622
Three alpha-muscle actin isoforms are sequentially expressed during in vivo cardiac development. alpha-Smooth muscle actin is first and transiently expressed, followed by alpha-skeletal and finally alpha-cardiac actin. PMID: 17179203
untreated, normal rats expressed substantially more alpha-smooth muscle actin than mice. After treatment with transforming growth factor-beta1, this expression increased similarly in both species. PMID: 16984444
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), an actin isoform that contributes to cell-generated mechanical tension, is normally restricted to cells of vascular smooth muscle, but SMA can also be expressed in certain non-muscle cells, most notably myofibroblasts. PMID: 16325810
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) expressed alpha-SMA. PMID: 15588509
the mural cell markers desmin and smooth muscle alpha actin exhibit differential staining patterns during vessel formation. PMID: 15446506
SMA was prominent in the myoid peritubular cells of the adult testis, and two stages of peritubular cell SMA expression could be recognized ('absent' or 'incomplete'). PMID: 15379925
Highly differentiated fibroblastic cells, so-called myofibroblasts, express the actin isoform alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and have been found to play a major role in tissue contraction during wound healing and organ fibrosis. PMID: 15378321
We observed myoepithelial cells positive for SMA, which were valuable for cytological or histological diagnosis. PMID: 14666621
non-vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin positive cells (NVSMC) is present in the human eye. PMID: 12868003
Cultured myofibroblasts are characterized by stress fibers, containing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and by supermature focal adhesions (FAs), which are larger than FAs of alpha-SMA-negative fibroblasts. PMID: 12808047
In the normal small intestine, almost all the enteric smooth musculature were positive for alpha-SMA antiserum, except for the bulk of the circular musculature. In the proximal segments of all cases with intestinal atresia (IA), a reduced staining intensity for alpha-SMA was observed mainly in the severely hypertrophic muscle layers. PMID: 12596095
Contractile fibroblastic cells expressing the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform, so-called myofibroblasts, have been identified to play a possible role during the healing of the medial collateral ligament by means of restoring the tissues in situ strain via extracellular matrix contraction. PMID: 11918311
Scattered alpha-SM actin positive cells could be appreciated in normal TMJ discs and tissues with minor pathological findings. In TMJ discs with severe alterations, i.e. tears and clefts, almost fibroblast-like cells, fibrochondrocytes and chondrocyte-like cells were strongly immunolabelled by anti-alpha-SM actin antibody. PMID: 11896846
alpha-smooth-muscle actin (SMA) is expressed by the stromal cells of several tissues. PMID: 11876276
Lapine and canine marrow stromal cells were found to contain a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. PMID: 11749738
This is the first report of a contractile actin isoform, a-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in the cells of the human meniscus that lacked meniscal tears based on gross anatomical appearance. Approximately 25% of the cells in the tissue contained SMA by immunohistochemistry. Most of the SMA-positive cells were chondrocytic in morphology. PMID: 11518276
Recent studies have demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes can express the gene for a contractile muscle actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in situ. PMID: 11347696
The notable finding of this study was the presence of a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in nonvascular cells in all of the seven torn human rotator cuff specimens evaluated immunohistochemically. PMID: 11347694
Expression of alpha-SMA is a common feature of cultured mammalian lens epithelial cells. PMID: 10752950
Approximately 75% of the chondrocytes in the superficial region of cartilage expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, only approximately 10% of the cells in the deep region stained for this contractile actin isoform. PMID: 11117296
Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin-containing cells. The results showed that approximately 50% of the chondrocytes in the superficial zone of the uninvolved articular cartilage expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin. PMID: 10810041
The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin by decidual stromal cells was also found by immunostaining in cryostat sections of early decidua. Our results suggest that decidual stromal cells are related to myofibroblasts. PMID: 10357983
After the second trimester, the stromal cells of Wharton's jelly were stained with ASMA antibody, exhibited the ultrastructural characteristics of the myofibroblasts, and began to express numerous microfilaments in the cytoplasm. Postembedding immunogold labeling detected immunoreactivity for ASMA on these microfilaments. PMID: 9692792
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) alpha-actin is encoded by a gene that normally is repressed in the ventricle during late gestation. Immunohistochemical analysis of accepted mouse cardiac allografts was performed to determine whether this fetal actin was reexpressed after transplant. PMID: 9665086
Appearance of fibroblasts expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and their role in fibrogenesis has been partly defined. PMID: 9509439
The expression of alpha-SMA and calponin in embryonic cardiomyocytes increases to reach its highest level at ED14. Subsequently, these proteins gradually disappear, beginning in the interventricular septum (IVS) and followed successively by the compact myocardium of the left ventricle, the right ventricle, and the central atrium. Expression of alpha-SMA persists longer in the ventricular conduction system, making it a convenient marker for the ventricular conduction system of the fetal rat. PMID: 9415457
Smooth muscle alpha-actin protein was found selectively within the pericytes surrounding the descending vasa recta from the outer and inner medullary tissue sections. This study demonstrates that the pericytes alone that surround the descending vasa recta within the outer and inner medulla contain smooth muscle alpha-actin mRNA and protein. PMID: 9374818
alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for myofibroblastic cells, is present in lens epithelial cells (LECs) in rabbit aphakic eyes. PMID: 8976703
The alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin isoform is expressed normally by vascular SM cells and by stromal fibroblastic cells in pathological conditions leading to fibrosis. PMID: 8864727
In the human liver, alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) is present in smooth muscle of the vasculature, perisinusoidal cells (Ito cells), and myofibroblasts derived from perisinusoidal cells. PMID: 8835746
The expression of alpha-SM actin was directly correlated to corneal wound contraction, appearing at the initiation of and disappearing at the completion of the contraction process. Furthermore, the exclusive expression of alpha-SM actin by fibroblasts present only within the wound suggests that local environmental factors unique to the wound may play an important role in myofibroblast transformation. PMID: 7706029
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) is an actin isoform present in the filaments of smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and a specific region of hair follicle dermal sheath in vivo. PMID: 7691972
In the normal human liver, lipocytes as well as vascular smooth muscle cells expressed alpha-smooth-muscle actin. In alcoholic liver disease, there was an increase in the cells positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin adjacent to the fibrotic areas, but the response of lipocytes to the gold chloride reaction diminished. In chronic hepatitis, the cells positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin increased around the enlarged portal areas, and the response to the gold chloride reaction did not change appreciably. PMID: 8344103
fibroblasts similar to cardiac-muscle cells expressed the alpha-actin isoform of smooth muscle cells. However, striated muscle alpha-actin or desmin antibodies did not stain cardiac fibroblasts but did stain cardiac-muscle cells. PMID: 1583007
At 15 days of gestation, only a few mesenchymal cells contained alpha-SM actin. However, other fetal vasculature structures (heart, aorta, peripheral blood vessels) expressed alpha-SM actin. Vascular localization was first observed at 17 days of gestation in larger corticomedullary vessels. As maturation progressed, actin expression accompanied the outward growth and branching of the kidney vasculature. During fetal life (17 days), alpha-SM actin also was expressed within juxtamedullary glomeruli. As the centrifugal maturation of nephrons proceeded, intraglomerular expression extended to outer cortical glomeruli. After 10 days of postnatal life, once glomerular development was completed, intraglomerular expression was no longer present. Peritubular capillaries expressed alpha-SM actin during early (fetal and neonatal) development, but not in the adult kidney. PMID: 1735573
Human fibrotic bone marrow (BM) stroma has been shown to contain alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells. PMID: 2070068
Smooth muscle alpha-actin was present in the dermal sheath component of rat vibrissa, rat pelage and human follicles. PMID: 1939373
In normal adult liver tissue, perisinusoidal liver cells (PSCs) were practically devoid of desmin and exceptionally stained for alpha-SM actin, whereas this actin isoform frequently was encountered in PSCs from the embryonic to the adolescent period. PMID: 2024709
Immunofluorescence staining of the astroglia colony cultures with rhodamine phalloidin, which binds to actin filaments (F-actin) formed by any of the 6 actin isoforms and with monoclonal antibody to alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-sm) actin (an actin isoform typical of smooth muscle cells), shows that the majority of the cells are positive for both alpha-sm actin and F-actin. PMID: 1881588
anti-smooth muscle vessels alpha actin antiserum labels a typical actin network in the D19 astroglial cell clone and in flat astrocytes of primary cultures derived from various CNS regions of embryonic and postnatal mice. Furthermore, this antiserum labels distinct populations of astrocytes in the adult mouse brain, in particular in the corpus callosum and the fornix. However, in the corpus callosum, astrocytic processes are strongly labeled by anti-SMV alpha actin antibodies only in parasagittal planes. Thus, alpha smooth muscle actin represents a new marker for subsets of astrocytes. PMID: 1870159
ASMA cells appear only in developing small and large airways and pulmonary vessels and that they may play a critical role in branching morphogenesis during development. PMID: 2283003
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing. PMID: 2197503
In normal salivary glands, the myoepithelial cells demonstrated a positive reaction to the monoclonal antibodies against actin and only rarely reacted with those against vimentin. PMID: 1692711
cells of developing and mature human lenses as well as bovine lens cells in situ contain only beta- and gamma-actins. In contrast, alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-sm) actin, an isoform typical of smooth muscle differentiation, was demonstrated in bovine lens cells at different times of culture. PMID: 2373284
Alpha-smooth muscle actin is expressed in a subset of bone marrow stromal cells in normal and pathological conditions. PMID: 2570490
alpha-SM actin is a component of the normal human ovary where it may contribute to the contractility of its stroma. PMID: 2567550

Abnormal Expression

Mesangial cells (MCs) in injured glomeruli express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), which is not detected in normal glomeruli. MCs expressing alpha-SMA tended to be located at the peripheral region close to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) or endothelial cells at day 8. Localization of alpha-SMA within the peripheral MCs was restricted to the cytoplasmic processes radiating toward the GBM and touching it with their tips at day 8. PMID: 16924122
Positive staining for alpha-SMA was identified in all adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs) and 25% of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas (PLGAs). PMID: 16807072
There was less SMA immunoreactivity in blood vessels of all AD patients when compared to cognitively and neuropathologically normal controls (p < 0.001). PMID: 15290898
Every nucleus pulposus section exhibited the presence of alpha-SMA-containing cells, which accounted for approximately 24 percent of the cells in vivo. PMID: 15260808
In clinical analysis, the specimens from the pancreas with duct obstruction (14 cases) expressed alpha-SMA significantly stronger than those from the pancreas without duct obstruction (7 cases). All specimens in the former expressed alpha-SMA, but 4 specimens from the latter did not at all (P < 0.05). In animal experiment, alpha-SMA expression was detected 7 days after the ligation and was increased on the 10th day. PMID: 13678692
In selected hypercellular zones of Dupuytren's nodules up to 40% of the cells contained SMA, as shown by immunohistochemistry. A lower percentage (20%) of SMA-containing cells was found in regions of lower cellularity. PMID: 12729127
ASMA expression in stromal cells is associated with tumour stroma formation of diffuse-type gastric carcinomas invading the subserosa, intestinal-type gastric carcinomas invading the muscularis propria and subserosa, and solid-type gastric carcinomas. PMID: 12354798
Immunohistochemical examination showed that alpha-SMA-reactive cells were detectable on fibroblastic cells in bleomycin-injected skin at 1 week. There was a significant increase in the immunoreactive fibroblastic cells for alpha-SMA in lesional skin in parallel with the induction of dermal sclerosis. PMID: 11781070
The present data showed an increase of alpha-SM-actin and PCNA expression in glomeruli and renal cortex from FSGS patients. PMID: 11471036
Actin was present in 66% of micronodular, 62% of morpheaform, and 0% of nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The presence of actin in micronodular BCC may be a marker for aggressive invasion. PMID: 11359490
in adults, interstitial expression of alpha-SMA in early cases of membranous glomerulonephritis, was significantly stronger than that in minimal change disease. PMID: 10833902
cardiac alpha-actin was present in human myocardium but not in healthy SMC of adult aorta, coronary arteries, trabeculae of the spleen, colon, stomach or skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac alpha-actin was detected in umbilical cord vessels, human myometrium, in atherosclerotic coronary lesions and atherosclerotic lesions from peripheral vascular disease. PMID: 10826502
Alpha-sm-actin-immunoreactive intra-acinar vessels down to a luminal diameter of less than 10 microns were detected in hypoplastic as well as in normally developed lungs. PMID: 9566278
perimenopausal menorrhagic women had significantly more smooth muscle alpha-actin expression than non-perimenopausal controls in four out of five menstrual cycle stages (P < 0.05), while perimenopausal non-menorrhagic women demonstrated a significant increase at the mid-proliferative stage only (P < 0.007). PMID: 8671187
A population of cells in all the odontogenic myxomas and hyperplastic dental follicles contained alpha-SMA, but such cells were sparse in cardiac myxomas and present in only four cases. PMID: 7560205
In chronic active hepatitis, very strong alpha-SMA staining was detected at the site of piecemeal necrosis and adjacent lobules. A-SMA expression was decreased in some cases after interferon treatment. In cases of transplanted liver biopsies, expression of intralobular alpha-SMA was diffusely increased but showed no correlation with degree of acute rejection. Cirrhotic livers revealed strong alpha-SMA positivity in fibrous septae as well as in the perisinusoidal space of intact hepatocytes at the leading edge of fibrosis. Interlobular bile ducts were concentrically circumscribed by alpha-SMA positive cells in cases of intrahepatic cholelithiasis. In trabecular type hepatocellular carcinomas, most sinusoidal lining cells were positive for alpha-SMA. Most intralobular alpha-SMA positive cells represent, if not all, perisinusoidal cells (PSCs) which are involved in intralobular fibrogenesis in various liver diseases. PMID: 8305144
alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha SM actin)-containing cells recently have been demonstrated in intraalveolar lesions in both rat and human tissues following lung injury. PMID: 8338671
Normal glomeruli and glomeruli in acute tubulointerstitial disorders showed few or no ASMA-positive cells in the glomeruli. In contrast, ASMA expression in mesangial cells was increased in minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy. PMID: 8319951
ASMA is a consistent and better marker than desmin for the detection of immature smooth muscle in pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. PMID: 8320334
Immunofluorescence studies using a monoclonal antibody for smooth muscle alpha-actin demonstrated positive staining of the AIDS-KS cells (KS-3 and KS-4) but not by endothelial cells or fibroblasts. PMID: 1750501
alpha-smA is a good marker for the detection of myofibroblast-like cells, and the appearance of alpha-smA in liver mesenchymal cells seems closely related to the process of hepatic fibrosis in both rat and man. PMID: 2051901
Increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining was observed in areas of parenchymal damage in lungs from animals sacrificed between 1 and 4 weeks postbleomycin instillation. PMID: 2469858

Diagnostic & Therapeutic Value

the combined expression of CD34 and a-SMA is of potential diagnostic value in the distinction between benign and malignant tumors in some difficult cases. PMID: 16286998
glomerular and interstitial alpha-SMA expression at the first biopsy can predict the prognosis of children with MPGN type 1. PMID: 14655183
glomerular alpha-SMA expression reflects the histological activity of IgAN. Immunohistological staining of alpha-SMA is valuable to estimate the degree of disease activity in IgAN. PMID: 11844049
the immunohistochemical assessment of ASMA and Ki-67 expression in glomerulonephritis (GN) might be a reliable indicator for the progression of GN. PMID: 11511791
Alpha smooth muscle actin antibody immunohistochemistry would provide a simple and biologically significant method which is usable to screen neovascularization and arterial blood supply in hepatocellular carcinoma, and may have predicting utility for patients outcome. This technique is applicable to routine paraffin sections, and may be useful as an adjunct to surgical pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 11268971
interstitial alpha-SMA expression may have clinical importance and may be a useful early histologic marker for development of chronic renal failure in cats. PMID: 10976740
alpha-SMA expression is a useful and early prognostic marker in the evolution of membranous nephropathy. PMID: 10543323
alpha-SMA is considered to potentially be a histopathologically useful marker for indicating the malignant potential of ovarian tumors. PMID: 8462899
alpha-smooth-muscle actin is a marker of stromal-cell reaction to the development of neoplastic lesions. The evaluation of alpha-smooth-muscle actin in stromal cells of the uterine cervix may be a useful adjunct to diagnostic criteria of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and may help understanding of the mechanisms of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during neoplasia. PMID: 2010226

Applications

ELISA

Eighty-nine urine samples from 61 patients, plus 6 samples from healthy control subjects, were analyzed in a blinded manner by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific anti-SMA monoclonal antibody. PMID: 10401019

FACS

microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin in culture and in myocardium, as confirmed by FACS. PMID: 10330261

ImmunoElectron Microscopy (IEM)

Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that alpha-SMA is localized mainly in the cellular protrusions, which are connected with the elastic fibers around the interstitial cells. Developmentally regulated brain protein (drebrin) is also located in the cell extensions containing alpha-SMA in immature alveolar interstitial cells. In adult lung, alpha-SMA-positive cells are located only at the alveolar ducts but are not found in the secondary septa. PMID: 15928322
Using quantitative and immunogold electron microscopy techniques we report the development of microvascular precursor smooth-muscle cells (PSMCs) expressing alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alphaSMA), a first marker of smooth-muscle cell differentiation, in rats with hyperoxic PH. PMID: 10100989
Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin in fibroblasts located in the connective tissue sheath (CTS) of human anagen hair follicles. PMID: 1417073

Immunofluorescence (IF)

The SM alpha-actin marker expression was demonstrated using indirect immunofluorescence technique and Western blot analysis. PMID: 16252840
Immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine whether alphaSMCA was present in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts from the same patients. Cultured fibroblasts from all tissues were also fixed on slides and stained with alphaSMCA monoclonal antibody labeled with immunofluorescence. PMID: 15474094
Expression of vimentin, pan-keratin (AE-3) and smooth-muscle actin was studied by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue and by immunofluorescence in M1 cells. PMID: 9431536
Using immunofluorescence, < 10% of fibroblasts from control animals express alpha-smooth muscle actin when cultured as a monolayer. In contrast, 19% and 21% of cells from day 7 and day 14 bleomycin-treated animals, respectively, expressed this actin and with greater intensity than in control lung cells. PMID: 8579115
The expression of tenascin (Tn) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was analyzed in the developing and adult human small intestine by means of double immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies. PMID: 7692766

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

In this study, we used a combination of immunohistochemistry and correlative confocal scanning laser and electron microscopy to investigate the structural organization of alpha-SMA in relation to the nucleus. PMID: 17310383
In the present study, to characterize the undifferentiated cells in the dental follicle, immunohistochemical localization of alpha-SMA was examined during rat molar tooth development. PMID: 16924123
Eleven surgically resected specimens of well-differentiated HCC were analyzed for neovascular structure using monoclonal alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) antibody. Each paraffin specimen was serially sliced to a thickness of 3 microm for immunohistochemistry. PMID: 16706831
The present study demonstrates the postnatal developmental changes in immunohistochemical localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin in the bovine testis. PMID: 16293946
Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in intact and ruptured human anterior cruciate ligament--an immunohistochemical assessment. PMID: 16021826
Immunohistochemistry was performed on samples of 42 resected larynges and 12 laryngeal biopsies of SILs and SCC using antibodies against SMA, CD34, CD31, TGFbeta1, and TGFbeta1 receptors. PMID: 15712177
Kidneys were examined on day 14 by routine histology and immunohistochemistry for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA). PMID: 15316360
we have examined the presence of actin, including smooth muscle (SM) actin, in the normal and glaucomatous canine iridocorneal angle (ICA) morphologically and immunohistochemically. PMID: 12950651
We identified myofibroblasts by immunohistochemical staining for alpha-SMA. PMID: 12849947
hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation marker alphaSMA was evaluated immunohistochemically in the liver of three patients with non-bacilar peliosis. PMID: 12608657
Recent findings of the expression of a contractile muscle actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in musculoskeletal connective tissue cells prompted this immunohistochemical study of the expression of SMA in cells participating in distraction osteogenesis in a rat model. PMID: 12507576
We examined the histologic features of eight tumors from four patients and investigated the appearance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA)-positive cells in these tumors using immunohistochemistry. PMID: 12066202
Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody for alpha-smooth muscle actin was performed on human cancellous bone samples obtained from 20 individuals at the time of total joint arthroplasty. PMID: 12038640
immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the distribution of connective tissue cells expressing SMA in a mouse model of successful fracture healing. PMID: 11996913
The immunohistochemical staining method of LSAB were used to investigate the expression of alpha-SMA in fibroblasts in the different concentration of TGF-beta 1. PMID: 11762220
alpha-SMA and TGF-beta 1 were detected using immunohistochemistry and the number of labeled cells were counted (alpha-SMA and TGF-beta 1 indices). PMID: 11486645
The immunohistochemical staining patterns of type IV collagen (TIVC) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were studied in benign and malignant breast lesions in order to assess their usefulness in the differential diagnosis of difficult lesions. PMID: 11348284
The genesis of intestinal smooth muscle layers was immunohistochemically investigated by use of an antibody to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the developing chick ileum. PMID: 10672364
Immunohistochemistry localized alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in renal mesangial cells of approximately half these patients. PMID: 10561148
In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) produced by active fibroblasts in 25 pulmonary adenocarcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter. PMID: 10523684
Alpha-smooth muscle actin was detected in the cells in tissue samples and in culture by immunohistochemistry. PMID: 10221835
We performed a novel double immunoenzyme labeling technique using an avidin-biotin complex peroxidase-diaminobenzidine system for smooth-muscle actin followed by an alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase-new fuchsin system for cytokeratin antigen on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histology sections to evaluate 32 such problematic cases. PMID: 9989844
an immunohistological study of alpha-smooth muscle actin was performed in 106 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 9918437
A quantitative immunohistochemical study of the expression of mesangial alpha-smooth muscle actin and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in glomerulonephritis in man. PMID: 9463576
Using a monoclonal antibody against smooth muscle-specific alpha-actin (SMA), we examined the immunohistochemical staining of this form of actin in avian endocardial cushion tissue formation. PMID: 9215644
The liver specimens surgically resected from 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and desmin. PMID: 8138263
The canine digestive system and its extramural glands (parotid gland, liver, pancreas) were immunohistochemically studied using a panel of twelve monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific for human keratin proteins and for alpha-smooth muscle actin. PMID: 1379397
Expression of vimentin, desmin, alpha-sarcomeric and alpha-smooth muscle actins in embryonic tissues of rat and mice was examined using an immunohistochemical approach. PMID: 2283002

Immunoprecipitation (IP)

The expression and synthesis of both alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and alpha SM actin were followed by immunohistology and immunoprecipitation. PMID: 9637001

Western Blot (WB)

Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis detected protein expression of the early SMC marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in both control and experiment groups. PMID: 17053324
Western blot analysis demonstrated a regular increase in the amount of SMA in the synovium-derived cells with passage number. PMID: 15363177
The increased expression in nodule cells of alpha smooth muscle actin was confirmed by Western blot analysis. PMID: 11599921
We compared the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) between benign and malignant human ovarian tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis using the monoclonal antibody specific to alpha-SMA. PMID: 8462899
We examined the altered expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-Sm) in human benign, pre-malignant, and malignant pigment cell tumors by immunohistochemical as well as biochemical (Western blot) analysis using anti-alpha-Sm monoclonal antibody (anti-alpha-Sm MoAb). PMID: 1728635
Alpha-smooth-muscle actin and desmin were demonstrated in the S-type cloned cells by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as by 2-dimensional Western blot analysis. PMID: 2019470