Caspase-3 Antibody Review

Introduction

a critical enzyme for apoptosis and cell survival. PMID: 15599395
a key enzyme and regulator in apoptosis. PMID: 16140256
a downstream effector cysteine protease in the apoptotic pathway. PMID: 15098015
a key effector of neuronal apoptosis in pneumococcal meningitis. PMID: 12677451
a cytosolic enzyme that is activated only in cells committed to undergo apoptosis. PMID: 11720439
a critical effector caspase for apoptosis, which cleaves proteins, including cytoskeletal and associated proteins, kinases, and members of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-related proteins. PMID: 16077919
an apoptotic executor, recently has been implicated in a nonapoptotic role in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation, primarily in studies related to non-neural tissue. PMID: 16226814, PMID: 15248196
active caspase-3 may play a role in cellular processes such as neuronal differentiation, migration, and plasticity, in addition to its role in cell death. PMID: 11283945
a potential therapeutic target for a number of degenerative diseases. PMID: 15505416
play an important role(s) in the nuclear morphological changes that occur in apoptotic cells and many nuclear substrates for caspase-3 have been identified despite the cytoplasmic localization of procaspase-3. PMID: 15569692
plays an essential role in normal brain development. PMID: 14602082
the first evidence for a potential new role of active (cleaved) caspase-3 in promoting differentiation of Bergmann glia. PMID: 16226814
a marker of the developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol. PMID: 16267392, PMID: 11923590, PMID: 11895372
One of the key events in the process of apoptosis is activation of caspase-3. PMID: 16205944

Normal Expression

In normal skin as well as non-lesional AD skin, we detected caspase-3 cleavage in single cells of the basal layer. PMID: 16689860
ubiquitously expressed in normal human tissues including the liver. PMID: 15098015
observed caspase 3 uptake on some apoptotic and preapoptotic cells in control embryos, and in the embryos exposed to the three teratogens. PMID: 16110744
Bergmann glia and a subpopulation of astrocytes throughout the CNS express activated caspase 3 in nuclei to fulfill a yet-to-be defined non-apoptotic function. PMID: 15578657
caspase-3, the executioner of apoptosis, is expressed in mouse oocytes, and significantly increased in aged oocytes compared with young oocytes. PMID: 15214581
In the mouse olfactory system, caspase-3 and -9 are expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of adult mice, as well as at the earliest stages of ORN embryonic development, and their expression is concentrated in outgrowing ORN axons. PMID: 15156583
The anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody labelled mainly nuclei of lymphocyte-like cells in tonsil, lymph node and spleen healthy conventional pigs. In the tonsil and mesenteric lymph nodes from the older pigs, follicular areas presented higher amounts of positive cells than interfollicular areas. Moreover, the splenic white pulp showed more positive reaction than the red pulp, especially when they included germinal centres. In all groups, the follicular areas of ileal Peyer's patches presented more labelled cells than the dome and the lamina propria. In the thymus, the higher apoptotic rates were found in the cortex. PMID: 15135986
activity of caspase-3, an "apoptotic" enzyme, can be measured in normally functioning neurons. PMID: 14640958
During skeletal muscle development, caspase-3 protein is present in neonatal animals, but its expression gradually decreases, and disappears completely by 1 month of age, when there is still abundant caspase-3 mRNA. PMID: 12112012
Human mature red blood cells express caspase-3 and caspase-8, but are devoid of mitochondrial regulators of apoptosis. PMID: 11753567
MCF-7 human breast cancer cells do not express caspase 3, thought by some to be a critical component of the apoptosis cascade. PMID: 11641782
we detected a small number of caspase-3 positive and TUNEL-positive cells in the central nervous system and in the mesenchyme of the first branchial arch of untreated day 9 mouse embryos. PMID: 11283970
Active caspase-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the rat forebrain proliferative regions at birth and remained high in these areas for about 2 weeks, during which period labeled cells were present centroperipherally across the olfactory bulb. By the end of the third postnatal week, only a small number of immunolabeled cells remained in these forebrain structures. Active caspase-3 immunolabeling was localized mostly to cell nuclei and co-localized partially with TuJ1 and NeuN immunoreactivity, but not with glial fibrially acidic protein, OX-42, gamma-aminobutyric acid, or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive labeling. PMID: 11283945
Caspase-3 is activated mainly during apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells in the early developmental stages but not of mature neurons at postnatal stages. PMID: 9804900

Abnormal Expression

Cytologically, activation of caspase-3 was first observed close to the inside surface of the cellular membrane, then transferred to the cytoplasm, and finally translocated to the nuclear region. PMID: 16077919
Active-caspase-3 first appeared in the cytoplasm and was next observed in the nucleus. Simultaneously, the amount of ICAD located in the nucleus decreased, whereas the amount of ICAD located in the cytoplasm remained unchanged. PMID: 12801281
In the histological samples, caspase 3 and 8 immunoreactivity was seen in 27/37 (73%) and 16/37 (43%) of the mesotheliomas. The immunostaining was cytoplasmic diffuse, granular, and occasionally nuclear. PMID: 15996160
In acute lesional AD skin, we not only obtained evidence for increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 in keratinocytes of the basal layer but also observed caspase-3 cleavage in one or more layers of the spinous cell layer, in particular in spongiotic areas. PMID: 16689860
caspase-3 was found to be densely localized in the spinous and granular layers of cholesteatoma epithelium. PMID: 16371840
Caspase-3 was mainly expressed in alveolar epithelium cells, pulmonary macrophages and infiltrated inflammation cells of rat silicosis. PMID: 16190394
Caspase-3 dependent apoptosis occurs in human granulosa cells and activates when follicles begin to leave the resting pool. After initial formation of the antrum, activation of caspase-3 is a normal physiologic process of the follicle during atresia and luteinization. PMID: 15705385
In normal oral epithelium, cleaved caspase-3 positive-cells were only rarely detected. Squamous cell carcinomas had more intense caspase-3 staining than normal epithelium. Moreover, within the oral squamous cell carcinoma series, there was significantly more intense nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with increasing STNMP stage. PMID: 15376256
Keratinocyte apoptosis and caspase-3 expression co-localized to the basal and parabasal epithelial layers, suggesting that proliferating epithelial cells may be targeted for destruction in oral lichen planus (OLP). PMID: 15089928
caspase-3 immunoreactivity was mainly in neurons, and to lesser extent in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in late-gestation fetal sheep brain after umbilical cord occlusion. PMID: 14764919
caspase-3 activation was found in the capillaries of Little's area from patients with epistaxis, suggesting that an apoptosis of capillaries may contribute to a mechanism of the onset of epistaxis. PMID: 12748555
By comparison with nonneoplastic breast tissue, caspase-3 appeared to be upregulated in malignant breast tissue, and its overexpression status was detected in 75.2% of the specimens. PMID: 12107344
the active form of caspase-3 was detected during photoreceptor degeneration in the outer nuclear layer of the rd mouse. PMID: 12097798
although pro-caspase-3 levels are higher in the cytosolic fractions, p17, the active caspase-3, is localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID: 12009527
number of active caspase 3/p89-positive cells was low in follicular lymphomas and usually high in diffuse large cell lymphomas. Highest numbers were found in Burkitt lymphomas and in two biopsies of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLCLs) obtained several days after initiation of therapy. PMID: 11857494
Activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity was seen in neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels, was elevated in AD, and exhibited a high degree of colocalization with neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. PMID: 11306022

Expression Alteration

downregulated in the retina during postnatal development. PMID: 16799012
Active caspase-3 staining and 24-kDa active caspase-3 protein was enhanced in I/R-injured and CsA-treated kidneys, but decreased by Tac, Rap, and MMF. PMID: 16732183
UA evokes MCF-7 cell apoptosis is correlation with the up-regulation of caspase-3. PMID: 16570804
Expression of caspase-3 protein increased in germ cells of rats with ELV, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms related to excessive testicular germ cell apoptosis. PMID: 16483161
magnesium sulfate decreases caspase-3 activity in rat spinal cord subjected to contusion injury. PMID: 16256834
Combined treatment with NMDA and staurosporine resulted in a substantial increase in caspase-3 activity in neocortical and hippocampal neurons on 2 DIV. PMID: 16153713
Combination of thiol antioxidant Silibinin with Brostallicin is associated with increase in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decrease in caspase 3 activity. PMID: 16111802
caspase-3 activity is elevated in nonapoptotic differentiating neuronal cell populations. PMID: 16103108
Simvastatin reduces caspase-3 activation and inflammatory markers induced by hypoxia-ischemia in the newborn rat. PMID: 16054375
Increased expression and activity of Caspase-3 protein in neurons after tractive spinal cord injury is the biochemical signal of early spinal cell apoptosis. PMID: 16042868
After light exposure, active caspase-3 and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose-polymerase were upregulated in the retinas and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity was observed in the outer nuclear layer. PMID: 15990464
Expression of activated caspase-3, predominantly located in neurons, was detected 24 h (amygdala; piriform and temporal cortex) and 7 days (hippocampus; amygdala; piriform, temporal and parietal cortex; thalamus) after Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (PCSE) with strongest induction being observed in the amygdala, the piriform cortex, and the hippocampus. PMID: 15755684
immunoreactivity for caspase-3 became stronger in the cytoplasm of large motor neurons in the ventral horn at 6 to 24 hr addition of glutamate, nitric oxice (NO) or peroxynitrite (PN). PMID: 15111253
Immunohistochemistry indicated that caspase 3 protein expression increased following status epilepticus (SE). Analysis of double-labelled sections indicated that active caspase 3 was located in astrocytes rather than neurons or microglia. PMID: 14511328
Glutamate enhances caspase-3 immunoreactivity in cultured spinal cord neurons of newborn rats. PMID: 12739245
Immunohistochemistry showed caspase-3 activation in the whole hippocampus as early as 30 min after ischemia with exclusive localisation in fiber systems, especially in the perforant path and mossy fibers, Schaffer-collaterals, as well as apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal cells. PMID: 12689601
loss of caspases-3 expression may represent an important cell survival mechanism in breast cancer patients. PMID: 12483536, PMID: 12461296
Caspase 3 expression is altered in a coculture model of neuroblastoma. PMID: 12175987

Function

a converse correlation between the expression of caspase-3 and the expression of survivin in neuroblastoma cells, indicating that caspase-3 might induce apoptosis, and survivin may inhibit this process. PMID: 15603711
caspase-3 activity is required for osteoclast differentiation. PMID: 16972256
caspase-3 signal are necessary for the progression of proliferating PC12 cell apoptotic death evoked by roscovintine. PMID: 16344902
Partial dopamine loss enhances activated caspase-3 activity. PMID: 16180225
caspase-3, besides its function as an effector caspase in the apoptotic pathway, is also involved in the formation of micronuclei. PMID: 15817572
PHF-1 tau is cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis and neurodegenerative process in AD. PMID: 15755671
DOXY significantly decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity (a marker of apoptosis), promoted neuronal survival, inhibited microglial activation and reduced reactive astrocytosis compared with VEH-treated HI pups. PMID: 15647741
caspase-3 is crucial for the differentiation of BMSSCs by influencing TGF-beta/Smad2 pathway and cell cycle progression. PMID: 15599395
Caspase 3 inhibition improves survival and reduces early graft injury after ischemia and reperfusion in rat liver transplantation. PMID: 15548962
selective up-regulation of caspase-3 transcription is required to maintain the cytoplasmic levels of this protease, which control AICD and T cell homeostasis. PMID: 15494489
in vivo, even late apoptotic events such as caspase activation and PARP-1 cleavage in hypoxic brains do not necessarily induce an irreversible commitment to apoptotic neuronal death. PMID: 15305862
Caspase-3 activation is an early event and initiates apoptotic damage in a human leukemia cell line. PMID: 12815279
changes in the level of caspase-3 and survivin play an important role in the transformation from normal gastric mucosa to gastric career. PMID: 12643601

Applications

Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy revealed immunogold labeling for caspases 3 and 8 in the mitochondria with the accumulation of caspase 3 in the apoptotic bodies. PMID: 15996160
Examination of the cells with electron microscopy confirmed that the active caspase-3-containing nuclei in the proliferative regions often had infoldings and appeared to be undergoing division. Some of the cells with active caspase-3-labeled nuclei in the bulb had synapses on their somata or dendrites. Labeled dendritic spines and a few axon terminals were also observed in the olfactory bulb. PMID: 11283945

ELISA

thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were removed for the determination of caspase-3 expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PMID: 12392497
We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying relative amounts of active caspase 3 in apoptotic cells. PMID: 10933864

Flow Cytometry

Expressions of survivin and caspase-3 in 101 cases of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) were quantitatively detected with flow cytometry. PMID: 16188127
a highly sensitive flow cytometry-based CTL assay using the cleavage of caspase 3 in target cells as a readout. PMID: 16076473
Flow cytometry detection of caspase 3 activation in preapoptotic leukemic cells. PMID: 10805935

Immunocytochemistry

immunohistochemistry were performed for detection of the expressions of c-Myc and caspase-3 in the A375 cells. PMID: 16361152
Expression of survivin and caspase-3 were evaluated using immunocytochemistry on oral cancer cells induced by staurosporine. PMID: 16225760

Immunofluorescence

Fluorescence labeled inhibitor of caspases (FLICA) was used to detect caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells in this project; cell morphology and caspase-3 sub-localization were determined by confocal microscopy. PMID: 16077919
Apoptosis was assessed by immunofluorescent detection of the active form of caspase-3, this assay being validated with peripheral blood neutrophils. PMID: 15604122

Immunohistochemistry

TUNEL technique as well as immunohistochemical studies were used to evaluate the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 6 of breast cancer, and proliferation index. PMID: 16977583
study apoptosis in various forms of LN and its relationship to histomorphological changes and selected laboratory findings by using activated caspase-3 as a novel marker of apoptosis. PMID: 16931214
Immunohistochemical analysis showed a marked induction of caspase-3 (p20) in every injured group compared with normal controls. PMID: 16854541
To assess the underlying age-related changes in the cellular distribution of caspase-3, we have examined the motor cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of young (4-year-old, n = 4) and old (20-year-old, n = 4) rhesus monkeys by immunohistochemistry. PMID: 16847399
expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p53 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in generalized aggressive periodontitis. PMID: 16787530
pattern of caspase-3 expression in noncancerous, premalignant (atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia) tissue and cancer spots were analyzed under the same experimental conditions by the methods of immunohistochemistry. PMID: 16697119
To detect apoptosis of germ cells and expression of caspase-3, TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry (SABC) were used respectively. PMID: 16483161
Immunohistochemical expression was tested in 40 cases of BE, including 11 low-grade and 19 high-grade dysplasias (HGD), and samples were obtained from 40 surgical specimens of esophagectomy performed for HGD or Barrett's adenocarcinoma. PMID: 16360411
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of COX-2 and caspase-3 in the bronchial endothelial cells. PMID: 16255988
Immunohistochemistry was performed by a sensitive peroxidase-streptavidin method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded myocardial infarction tissue, using monoclonal antibodies against activated (cleaved) caspase-3. PMID: 16205944
semiquantitative immunohistochemistry revealed cleaved caspase-3 positive cells in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) sections but not controls. PMID: 16121124
The cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry detected apoptosis of the lymphoma cells most sensitively compared to TUNEL and ssDNA immunohistochemistry. PMID: 15743320
Apoptotic rates were measured using H&E morphological assessment and immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to activated caspase-3 and M30. PMID: 15676029
Immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferease-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed on the trigeminal ganglion after infraorbital nerve transection in newborn rats. PMID: 15261121
caspase-3 expression in human gastric carcinoma to clarify the clinicopathological importance and investigated the apoptosis avoidance mechanism by an immunohistological method. Actual activation of caspase-3 was determined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody that recognizes only activated caspase-3. PMID: 15218311
Apoptosis in normal lymphoid organs from healthy normal, conventional pigs at different ages detected by TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissues. PMID: 15135986
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 56 cases of primary gastric malignant lymphoma and their adjacent non-tumor mucosa were evaluated for PTEN and Caspase-3 protein expression by streptavidin-biotin-complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry. PMID: 15104220
immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in 52 cases of BTCC and 10 normal bladder mucosas. PMID: 14960240
the intra-islet expression of caspase-3 in the NOD mouse was examined immunohistochemically following acceleration of the disease with cyclophosphamide. PMID: 14679058
Caspase-3 expression was studied in adjacent epithelial cells, cancer cells and lymphocytes of primary foci, and cancer cells of metastatic foci from 113 cases of gastric cancer by streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase (S-P) immunohistochemistry. PMID: 12854132
Comparison of immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 and cleaved cytokeratin 18 with the TUNEL method for quantification of apoptosis in histological sections of PC-3 subcutaneous xenografts. PMID: 12533835
Immunohistochemical localization of active caspase-3 in the mouse ovary: growth and atresia of small follicles. PMID: 12417004
Immunohistochemical and biochemical assessment of caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation following transient focal ischemia in the rat. PMID: 12401327
Caspase-3 expression was examined immunohistochemically using a polyclonal antibody that recognized uncleaved caspase-3 in pathologic-stage I, nonsmall-cell lung cancer. PMID: 11992386
Measurement of apoptosis by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the active form of caspase 3 is therefore reliable and correlates strongly with morphological assessment. PMID: 11720439
Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections to assess caspase 3 expression. PMID: 11351347

Western Blot

level of caspase 3 cleaved fragments were analyzed by Western blotting. PMID: 16313802
Samples of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord and sciatic nerves were collected and examined for bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 expression using Western blotting. PMID: 16242231
Liver MMP-9, TGF-beta1, and caspase-3 levels were quantified by Western immunoblotting. PMID: 16141011
Western blot analysis was performed using antibodies against the pro- and active forms of caspase-3, -9, or PARP in apoptosis of human granulosa-luteal cells. PMID: 16006727
Caspase 3 in Microparticles (EMP) from endothelial cells was studied using Western blot (n = 6) and flow cytometry (n = 6). PMID: 15869582
caspase-3 activity were determined by Western blot in 15 controls and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and reported in blinded fashion. PMID: 15643230
To determine activation of the apoptotic regulatory cell proteins, caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) into its 85-kDa fragment were assessed by Western blotting. PMID: 15585396
Western blot analysis was used to characterize the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP), and p53 proteins in IM from 35 patients. PMID: 15348168
caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in lymphocytes exposed to Cr(III) complexes is revealed through Western blotting analysis. PMID: 15124906
Active caspase-3 in the mucosa was detected according to the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. PMID: 12748555
Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were used to analyse the expression of caspase-3 in 40 archival specimens of patients with primary resected ESCC. PMID: 12559076