Ki-67 (Ki67) Antibody Review

Ki-67 Antibody Review

Introduction

a protein related to cell proliferation and is expressed in cell nuclei throughout the entire cell cycle except G0. PMID: 16398461, PMID: 16151588, PMID: 7822817
a protein detected in G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle, but not in G0, and thus, is a widely accepted proliferation marker and to be useful in predicting the development of Human tumors. PMID: 16295759, PMID: 12777207, PMID: 12355204, PMID: 7822817
present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. PMID: 15104289
a proliferation index, as it is expressed only by dividing cells. PMID: 14758126
not all cells containing the Ki-67 antigen are actively proliferating cells and we advise against the use of Ki-67 in studies on cells that overexpress p53 or p21. PMID: 9661919
a human nuclear protein the expression of which is strictly associated with cell proliferation and which is widely used in routine pathology as a "proliferation marker" to measure the growth fraction of cells in human tumors. PMID: 8227122

Comparison of Ki-67 with Other Proliferation Markers (BrdU, PCNA)

in both normal and abnormal states, the proportion of megakaryocytes expressing Mcm-2 is roughly seven times as many as those that express Ki-67. PMID: 16281941
both ISH for histone mRNA and IHC with Ki-67 (MIB-5) are preferable techniques for assessment of cell proliferation in rat paraffin-embedded renewing tissues compared to PCNA IHC. They can substitute for BrdU IHC when necessary. PMID: 14623936
MIB-1 is closely associated with BrdU in clinicopathologic findings and is a more useful tool for evaluating cell proliferation than PCNA. PMID: 9110347
The labelling indices determined by histone NISH and BrdU incorporation were similar, whereas that of Ki67 IHC was four times greater. PMID: 7718451
an evaluation of Ki-67 expression is the most valuable cell proliferation marker comparing with PCNA. PMID: 15039910
LI values were significantly ranked in the order PCNA>Ki-67>BrdU. However, the correlation of Ki-67 or PCNA as compared to BrdU LI values was only moderate in the combined group [approximately 0.5, Spearman rank test] as well as in most subgroups, whilst it was very poor in the group of primary mammary cancers. These observations indicate that Ki-67 or PCNA LIs as markers of proliferation do not evenly match in vivo BrdU labelling. PMID: 12752223
Ki-67 was, like BrdU, a useful marker for proliferative potential in canine mast cell tumours; moreover, its use did not require the prior administration of any reagent to the live animal. PMID: 12443730
mAgNOR counting in fine needle aspiration smears is more sensitive, simple and cost effective as compared to Ki-67 LI for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid follicular neoplasms. PMID: 12199321
PCNA, Ki-67 indices and AgNOR scores correlated with each other and with tumor grade and stage. PMID: 12090340
Quantitative comparison of BrdU and Ki-67-positive cells showed 50% higher numbers of the latter when examined 24 h after the BrdU injection. This was expected, since BrdU can be incorporated into DNA only during the S-phase of the mitotic process, whereas Ki-67 is expressed for its whole duration. Experimental increases (by ischemia) or reductions (by radiation) in the number of mitotic cells produced parallel changes in BrdU and Ki-67 signals. Thus, Ki-67 is an effective mitotic marker and has most of the benefits of BrdU and none of the costs. PMID: 11897369
the first report on a positive correlation between tumor proliferation indices in BrdUrd LIs and Ki-67 in colorectal carcinomas. PMID: 11432668
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 labeling in hepatocellular nodules: a comparative study. PMID: 9928768
in general, the Ki-67 indices were lower than those for PCNA. MIB-1 immunoreactivity showed less variation and was more intense than that seen with PC10. Although both of the antibodies reflected the state of growth of neoplastic cells in astrocytomas, MIB-1 was more reliable. PMID: 9713592
BrdUrd index of DNA synthesis in S-phase correlates highly with the MIB-1 index of the growth fraction, and both indices correlate well with other parameters of tumor aggressiveness. PMID: 9696398
Careful consideration is required in the assessment of cell proliferation using PCNA. The immunostaining of Ki-67 may be more accurate than that of PCNA for evaluating cell proliferation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. PMID: 9439969
We have compared the detection of colonic proliferating cells in normal mucosa and adenomata using the PC10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to PCNA and the Mib-1 mAb to Ki-67 in formalin-fixed tissues using antigen retrieval solutions with microwaving. The PC10 antibody showed variable immunostaining of proliferating and nonproliferating cells with minor changes in primary antibody concentration or microwave conditions and between normal and adenomatous tissue. In contrast, Mib-1 immunostaining was quite constant with differing antigen retrieval and antibody conditions and similar staining of proliferating cells in colonic adenomas. Some loss of immunoreactivity occurred if the cut sections were not immunostained within approximately 1 week. These data suggest that whereas PCNA immunohistochemistry is satisfactory when carefully controlled in large chemopreventive studies, the Mib-1 mAb to Ki-67 is superior to PCNA antibodies in immunostaining proliferating cells in the formalin-fixed human colon. PMID: 9037564
In all biopsies PCNA-labelling index exceeded that of Ki-67-labelling index. Lower unspecific binding and lower influence on proliferation activity by inflammation prompts us to prefer Ki-67 (MIB 1). PMID: 8781908
results show a good correlation between the BUdR and MIB-1 proliferation markers (rs = 0.72; P < .0001), which supports the use of anti-MIB-1 as an alternative labeling tool to BUdR for the determination of the proliferation index in meningiomas, thus avoiding the administration of a potentially mutagenic drug. PMID: 8617477
both intra- and interpatient variation in proliferation index was greater for BrdUrd labelling than for MIB-1 expression. PMID: 8652743
MIB-1 antibody is an excellent tool for assessment of proliferative rate of breast cancer cells in paraffin sections. PMID: 9097711
data show that the distinction between high, medium and low values seen with BrdUrd labelling was retained when Ki-67 immunostaining was analysed. PCNA immunostaining resulted in high levels of labelling and the different levels of labelling seen with BrdUrd and Ki-67 were largely lost. PMID: 8839702
PCNA LI was higher than that obtained with anti-Ki-67 antibody and the intensity of staining for PCNA was more variable. The statistically significant difference of the percentage of PCNA LIs was found only between low grade (I and II) and high grade (III and IV) tumours, while Ki-67 LIs discriminates each group of glial tumours; thus this latter marker is more sensitive and specific. PMID: 8800324
Ki-67 immunohistochemistry using MIB-1 monoclonal antibody provides a powerful tool, even in rabbit species, for the detection of replicative smooth muscle cells during the repair of arterial injury and that it detects replicative cells more accurately than PCNA immunohistochemistry. PMID: 7491659
MIB-1 monoclonal antibody provides in formation analogous to or even better than that obtained with Ki-67 antibody on frozen ones. Moreover, it represents a valuable tool to obtain kinetic data on "routine" histological samples and, above all, to give prognostic evaluations on the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. PMID: 8669852
A more intense nuclear staining pattern with less heterogeneity was observed for MIB-1 compared with PCNA, suggesting the antibody of choice, on formal saline-fixed tissues, is MIB-1, which closely correlated with Ki-67, a marker we have previously shown to be of prognostic value in prostatic carcinoma. PMID: 7797424
PCNA and Ki-67 expression appear to reflect essentially the same biological process as BrdUrd uptake. Either can substitute for BrdUrd as a measure of cellular proliferation, and Ki-67 seems to offer the fewest technical problems. PMID: 7855002
PCNA (PC-10) immunostaining typically overestimated the proliferative rate of brain tumors when compared with flow cytometry. There was an exact correlation between PC-10 and MIB-1 in only 4 cases, whereas in the remaining specimens, PC-10 results were always higher than MIB-1. PMID: 7562003
Standard immunoperoxidase techniques were used to identify Ki-67 and PCNA. The proteins generally co-localized, although PCNA was usually represented in more cells than Ki-67. Early in gestation the cell columns contained many labeled cells. The cytotrophoblastic shell was occupied by numerous cells with PCNA positive nuclei, but few were reactive for Ki-67. PMID: 7894071
Analysis of different cell cycle compartments indicates that the observed difference in the positivity of these markers was due to their differential expression in the G0/1 segment of the cell cycle. We conclude that Ki-67 may better reflect the proliferative activity in solid neoplasms than does PCNA. PMID: 7851161
cell proliferation can be reliably evaluated on cytologic preparations; PCNA may behave as a Ki-67-like reagent in some tumors, and PCNA may sometimes overestimate the cell growth fraction assessed by Ki-67 immunoreactivity. PMID: 7910728

Normal Expression

The expression of the human Ki-67 protein is strictly associated with cell proliferation. During interphase, the antigen can be exclusively detected within the nucleus, whereas in mitosis most of the protein is relocated to the surface of the chromosomes. The fact that the Ki-67 protein is present during all active phases of the cell cycle (G(1), S, G(2), and mitosis), but is absent from resting cells (G(0)), makes it an excellent marker for determining the so-called growth fraction of a given cell population. PMID: 10653597
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 are two of the nuclear markers used to demonstrate the proliferative phase of the cell cycle. PMID: 12125971
Ki-67 antigen was localized in the nucleus where it was associated with heterochromatin and euchromatin. It was also observed in nucleoli in all cases. Cytoplasmic localization of Ki-67 antigen was similar to that of PCNA. PMID: 10824607
After fertilization, male and female pronuclei exhibited very little or no pKi-67, while polar bodies were pKi-67 positive. Towards the end of the first cell cycle, prophase chromosomes of male and female pronuclei simultaneously got decorated with pKi-67. In 2-cell embryos, the distribution pattern changed, presumably depending on the progress of development of the embryo, from a distribution all over the nucleus to a preferential location in the nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs). From the 4-cell stage onwards, pKi-67 showed the regular nuclear relocations known from somatic tissues: during mitosis the protein was found covering the chromosome arms as a constituent of the perichromosomal layer, in early G1 it was distributed in the whole nucleus, and for the rest of the cell cycle it was associated with NPBs or with the nucleolus. PMID: 15237214
MIB-1 and p27(Kip1) were expressed in normal kidney tissues and in the three main components of Wilms' tumor, i.e., the blastemal, epithelial, and stromal cells. PMID: 14760081
MIB-1 mAb reacts with the nuclei of proliferating cells, as in humans. The proliferative index was far from representative, but we were able to give a range of values concerning the proliferative activity of normal tissues. This study serves as a basis for the expression of the Ki-67 antigen by normal canine tissues in order to visualize the proliferative compartments and, thus, allows its application as a proliferative marker in routine veterinarian histopathology. PMID: 9741148
we have compared Ki-67 expression (detected with MIB1 antibody) with PCNA expression (detected with PC10 antibody) in biopsies of normal human epidermis fixed in neutral formalin and using antigen retrieval by microwave processing. PMID: 9732159
In normal seminiferous epithelium Ki-67 is expressed in nuclei of spermatogonia, while PCNA additionally occurs in nuclei of primary spermatocytes. PMID: 9570268
Developmental expression of Ki-67 antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in macaque placentas. PMID: 7894071
We used a new Ki-67 equivalent antibody (MIB 1) and a formalin fixation of smears and trephine biopsies, and we report 52.8% +/- 9.2 SD of the normal BM cells to stain for MIB-1. PMID: 7918058

Abnormal Expression

tumoral proliferative activity evaluated by the detection of the Ki-67 antigen is significantly higher in invasive than noninvasive adenomas. PMID: 14762579
mean index derived for the invasive fronts (29.75 11.64) was significantly higher than the mean index for the body of these tumours (25.65 11.64). mean index derived for the invasive fronts (29.75 11.64) was significantly higher than the mean index for the body of these tumours (25.65 11.64). PMID: 14521519
Ki-67 antigen expression in large intestine adenocarcinomas was inversely correlated to survival of the patients. Ki-67 proved to be a better prognostic marker, as compared to MT, in large intestine adenocarcinomas. PMID: 12647790
highest PCNA and Ki-67 LI values were detected in medulloblastoma, malignant meningioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and glioblastoma (GBM) groups, while pilocytic astrocytoma, meningioma, craniopharyngioma and oligodendroglioma showed the lowest values. PMID: 12125971
In high grade dysplasia and carcinoma, the distribution of Ki-67 positive cells was diffuse throughout the full length of the crypt, whereas low grade dysplasia and epithelium indefinite for dysplasia, as well as regenerative epithelium, showed an expanded basal zone. PMID: 10193513
PCNA and Ki-67 immunostaining was more striking in cytomegalovirus CMV-immunoreactive, inclusion-free cell nuclei, whereas cell nuclei exhibiting well-developed CMV inclusions either showed a weak peripheral signal for both proliferation markers, or were completely negative. PMID: 9614380
In bone tumors, the level of Ki-67 expression correlates with the level of malignancy and is diagnostically and prognostically useful. PMID: 7828130

Function

a reliable microscopic marker to predict metastatic potential of rectal carcinoids. PMID: 16984615
These data strongly suggest a role for pKi-67 in the early steps of rRNA synthesis. PMID: 16206250
a reliable and stable marker of proliferation for middle ear cholesteatoma. PMID: 16137526
cytologic evaluation of liver together with Ki-67 immunochemistry can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cytology for liver neoplasia. PMID: 15902664
Ki-67 was a good marker of cell proliferation status of the tumours, but did not correlate with recurrence; thus, hTERT alone seemed to be a potential predictor for recurrence. PMID: 15679862
expression of Ki-67 is a factor of poor prognosis for survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PMID: 15545971
proliferating index detected by Ki-67 antigen immunostaining is a useful factor for predicting the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. PMID: 15673959
proliferative activity, assessed by Ki-67 LI, and the histologic pattern, according to WHO classification system, seems to represent reliable parameters in the prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors. PMID: 15494865
significantly elevated Ki-67 antigen expression in LMS, which correlates well with the rapid growth of these malignant tumors, may be a useful immunohistochemical parameter to distinguish between cases of malignant smooth muscle tumors and those of uncertain or borderline histology. PMID: 15488127
Ki-67 index can be considered a reliable parameter for assessment of cell proliferation rate in adenoma biopsies and may be used for postoperative patient management considerations. PMID: 15480830
prove as a useful adjunctive test to routine Pap smear in triage of patients harboring lesions of cervix. PMID: 15471112
Ki-67 expression might be a predictor of efficacy of rituximab plus chemotherapy. PMID: 15363034
proliferation, as measured by Ki-67 index, should be considered as a prognostic marker in clinical management of pleomorphic soft tissue sarcomas. PMID: 15309631
In multiple myeloma, apart from being a marker of proliferative activity, Ki-67 is also associated with bone marrow angiogenesis and tumour burden. PMID: 15280408
assessment of Ki-67 index in intracranial ependymoma is useful for outcome prediction in the routine diagnostic setting. PMID: 15223962
immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and p53 may help distinguish endometrial Arias-Stella reaction from clear cell carcinoma and other types of high-grade carcinoma. PMID: 15213598
expression of Ki-67 antigen or CEA there may be a useful indicators of patients' survival in Dukes' C colorectal cancer. PMID: 15050740
Ki-67 index to be a reliable indicator of growth fraction and useful to estimate the cell kinetics of irradiated tumors in vivo. The growth fraction estimated by Ki-67 index during radiotherapy is expected to be useful in predicting tumor response to radiation therapy. PMID: 15015583
Ki-67 determination during routine pathological analysis of bone marrow in newly diagnosed MM could provide useful information about the proliferative activity and prognosis of the disease. PMID: 14758126
Tumour Ki-67 (MIB-1) reactivity after 1 month of immunotherapy appears to be a significant predictor of patient survival. PMID: 14760375
both MIB-1-based proliferative activity and p27(Kip1) protein expression in the blastema have prognostic impact in Wilms' tumor. PMID: 14760081
Ki-67 index can be used safely as a proliferation marker in cervical carcinomas, and changes in the Ki-67 index during the early course of radiotherapy may predict the metastatic potential. PMID: 12807242
immunolabeling of Ki-67 in the luminal compartment of non-invasive lesions having the potential to evolve to malignancy, may have prognostic implications. PMID: 12777207
PCNA and especially Ki-67 may be useful as tumour markers in prostate carcinoma. PMID: 12533969
metastatic disease in synovial sarcoma is closely related to MIB-1 index. PMID: 10468301
Ki-67 labelling index can be considered a useful marker in determining the invasive behaviour of anterior pituitary adenomas. PMID: 10396237
Ki-67 is a useful prognostic tool in the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma patients irrespective of the cut-point value. PMID: 10070895
MIB-1 immunoreactivity is useful in distinguishing grade II from grade III gliomas. PMID: 9258255
Ki-67 expression is a potentially useful prognostic factor in prostatic adenocarcinoma and it could be used as an additional criterion in defining a correct prognostic category in this malignancy. MIB-1 also appears to be a prognostic marker of recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. PMID: 9412797, PMID: 8976256, PMID: 8709308
Ki-67 LI is an independent prognostic factor for patients with transitional cell bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy. PMID: 9406248
Ki-67 expression is an independent prognostic factor in renal adenocarcinoma and could be applied in defining proper therapy for patients suffering from this malignancy. PMID: 9129930
Ki-67 antigen expression correlated highly with the progression of malignancy in ampullary lesions. Computed quantitation of Ki-67 was more sensitive than visual quantitation, especially in differentiating between low and high grade adenocarcinomas. PMID: 8908312
Ki-67 appears to be an effective indicator of prognosis in breast cancer and could be of assistance in the decision making of adjuvant therapy in node negative patients. PMID: 8750528
Ki-67 (MIB-1) immunolabelling using archival paraffin-embedded samples is of value in predicting prognosis in astrocytic tumours. PMID: 7884589

Applications

Electron Microscopy (EM)

Streptavidin-gold was used for the immunolocalization of PCNA and Ki-67 antigen at the ultrastructural level with a postembedding technique in biopsies of 15 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 10824607
Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of a proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 in MCF-7 cells. PMID: 2262344

ELISA

Ki-67 ELISA was found to be a reliable quantitative method to assess proliferation of cultured human cells in vitro. PMID: 15348057
Improved ELISA proliferation assay (EPA) for the detection of in vitro cell proliferation by a new Ki-67-antigen directed monoclonal antibody (Ki-S3). PMID: 9617830
A new ELISA system for the estimation of cell proliferation based on the detection of the Ki-67 protein is described. PMID: 7822817

Flow Cytometry (FC)

Thirty one patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 antibody for tumor cell kinetics in the early period of radiation therapy. PMID: 11724315
We investigated the DNA ploidy pattern, cell cycle and the percentage of Ki-67 positive fractions in fresh surgical material from 17 benign and 33 malignant thyroid tumours using flow cytometry. PMID: 10478606
Flow cytometric analysis of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: correlation with tumor and patient characteristics. PMID: 10373666
Evidence for quiescent S- and G2-phase cells in human colorectal carcinomas: a flow cytometric study with the Ki-67 antibody. PMID: 7626686
we compared Ki-67 and PCNA expression in 93 malignant solid neoplasms using bivariate flow cytometric analysis of these antigens and DNA content. PMID: 7851161
Quantification of Ki-67 immunofluorescence signal by flow cytometry revealed highest Ki-67 levels in mitotic cells. PMID: 2262344

Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

Immunocytochemical study of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in canine mammary neoplasia. PMID: 15048623
Immunocytochemical detection of Ki-67 is recommended for previously unstained cytologic specimens. PMID: 12199320
Proliferation in the gastric epithelium of bovine abomasum during foetal development as revealed by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry. PMID: 11447942
MIB-1 (Ki-67) immunostaining of breast cancer cells in cytologic smears. PMID: 9100748
Air-dried cervical smears were stained with MIB-1 antibody to identify the Ki-67 antigen. PMID: 9062149
using the Ki-67-specific MIB-1 monoclonal antibody on slides prepared by cytocentrifugation of cultured A375 melanoma cells. PMID: 11173587
Flow cytometric multiparameter analysis of two proliferation-associated nuclear antigens (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin and Ki-67) was performed on seven human hematopoietic cell lines. PMID: 1967582
Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and nuclear Ki-67 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma. PMID: 2684579
A flow cytometric method for measuring lymphocyte proliferation directly from tissue culture plates using Ki-67 and propidium iodide. PMID: 2960745

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Proliferative activity of lymphoma cells was tested by immunocytochemical staining with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody in 63 aspirates of peripheral lymph nodes sampled from patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID: 16645233
One hundred and seventeen primary melanomas and 18 metastatic tissue samples were analysed for immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and p53. PMID: 16179864
we examined by immunohistochemistry the proliferative activity, based on Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67LI), in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of 152 tumors, being 70 gastric and 89 colorectal cancers. PMID: 16151588
Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from a cohort of 106 patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal carcinoma were analysed to determine a Ki-67 (MIB-1)-derived proliferation index (PI) using a double immunostaining technique. PMID: 15931661
new Ki-67 immunostaining (Ultrarapid-Ki67) method on frozen sections can be carried out in 10 minutes. PMID: 15735157
Tissue sections were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin and stained immunohistochemically with anti-human Ki-67 and PCNA antibodies. PMID: 15638377
Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs. PMID: 14567425
Immunohistochemistry using the anti-Ki-67 antibody MIB-1 was performed on 434 breast carcinoma specimens from the International Breast Cancer Study Group (formerly Ludwig) Trial V. PMID: 12599241
Immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody against Ki-67 was performed in 38 nodes positive breast carcinomas and in their respective positive ALNs. PMID: 12500929
Ki-67 staining in oral squamous cell carcinomas was investigated by immunohistochemical expression in 329 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity due to a formamide pretreatment. PMID: 12037387
Comparison of Ki-67 equivalent antibodies - MIB-1 antibody appears to have a higher sensitivity for detecting the Ki-67 antigen than the other three tested antibodies. PMID: 12037032
An immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 in dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas, and ameloblastomas arising in dentigerous cysts was done. PMID: 11833688
To evaluate the prognostic value of proliferative maker Ki-67, its expression was determined immunohistochemically in 37 gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs). PMID: 11804747
Different antigen unmasking techniques lead to significant differences in immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 (Mib-1) in renal cell carcinomas. PMID: 11748449
method of measuring Ki-67 expression by DAB staining combined with optical enhancement filters and quantification via computer-assisted image analysis techniques produced objective and reproducible results. PMID: 11444192
Thirty-two ameloblastoma tissues were immunohistochemically studied using monoclonal anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. PMID: 11167148
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 (MIB1) proteins were detected immunohistochemically with a biotin-streptavidin amplified detection system on a representative tissue section from each tumour. PMID: 10208729
Immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and PCNA in canine mammary tumors: relationship to clinical and pathologic variables. PMID: 9683072
Stereological estimation of mean nuclear volume and staining pattern of Ki-67 antigen in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas. PMID: 9653912
The monoclonal antibody MIB1 recognizing the Ki-67 antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used to study the proliferative activity in 44 adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. PMID: 9111386
Polyclonal Ki-67 antibody immunostaining provides significant survival information that complements that derived by other markers of cell proliferation and tumor staging. PMID: 7743475