Laminin Antibody Review

Introduction

Laminins are a multigene family of extracellular matrix molecules. Quantitatively, they are one of the most abundant glycoproteins present in basement membranes. Functionally, they can modulate several key biological activities, including cell adhesion and migration, gene expression and cell survival. Variability in the spatial and temporal expression of laminins, as well as of their specific receptors of the integrin family, in various tissues and organs, suggests that different laminins perform distinct functions. PMID: 14585148
Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins that participate in neuronal development, survival, and regeneration. PMID: 12857855
Laminins are multidomain heterotrimers composed of alpha, beta and gamma chains. Presently, five alpha (alpha1-5), three beta (beta1-3), and three gamma (gamma1-3) chains have been identified with different combinations of these chains resulting in 14 laminin heterotrimers thus far identified (1, 3-5). PMID: 15979864, PMID: 12640662
one of the main glycoproteins of the basement membrane. PMID: 2050544
Laminin-5 (Ln-5) is an important molecule associated with epithelial cell adhesion and migration. PMID: 15913767, PMID: 12798700, PMID: 12670521
Laminin 5 is a trimeric glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion in the epidermal basement membrane. PMID: 14500698
Two of the major components of basement membranes are type IV collagen and laminin. PMID: 12036095
Laminin-5 (Ln-5) is a heterotrimeric basement membrane (BM) molecule (alpha3beta3gamma2). PMID: 11561010
Laminin is associated with the basement membrane complex and plays an essential role in vascular tissue organization, wound healing and supports mechanical properties of vessels. PMID: 15262257
laminin-5 gamma2 chain plays an important role in cell migration during tumor invasion and tissue remodeling. PMID: 12432301
Laminin (LM) is an integral component of basement membranes (BM), with important roles in various aspects of cell biology. PMID: 8145533
Laminin 5 is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, which supports epithelial cell adhesion through multiple cell binding sites. PMID: 16571374
basement membrane protein laminin-5 is a notable cell adhesion molecule, which promotes cellular adhesion and migration much more efficiently than other ECM proteins. There is accumulating evidence that laminin-5 is involved in tumor growth and progression. PMID: 16441418
Laminin-5 (Ln-5), a component of the basement membrane (BM), regulates epithelial cell migration and adhesion. PMID: 15576149
alpha4 laminin subunit is a major structural component of assembling basement membranes of endothelial cells. PMID: 14980521
laminin is an essential component for axon myelination and regeneration in the PNS. PMID: 14638863

Normal Expression

In the gingiva around the tooth, Ln-5 localizes within basement membranes between the junctional epithelium (JE) and the tooth or connective tissue. Recently, we reported that in the oral mucosa around a dental implant, Ln-5 is expressed within the basement membranes at the implant-peri-implant epithelium (PIE) interface, and at the PIE-connective tissue interface. PMID: 15913767
in normal skin, the laminin alpha 2 chain is spread throughout the cytoplasm of basal keratinocytes, while it appears associated with desmosomal tonofilaments in the spinous and granular epidermal layers; in skin samples from dystrophic patients the laminin alpha 2 chain was not detectable. PMID: 9131649
Antibody staining of the E1 and E8 domains of laminin-1 revealed distinct localization of the molecule in the proximal tubule basement membranes of mouse kidney. The short arms (E1) of the laminin-1 molecule are predominantly located in the lamina lucida and the long arms (E8) are oriented towards the lamina fibroreticularis. PMID: 7608521
Laminin reaction products were observed within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of junctional epithelium cells and in concavities formed at the distal plasma membranes adjacent to the basal lamina. PMID: 2148950
Both in muscle and in peripheral nerve, laminin alpha 2 is found to be associated solely with the basal lamina of myofibers and Schwann cells, respectively. Of special interest is the finding that in peripheral nerve, laminin alpha 2 is associated only with myelinated and not with unmyelinated nerve fibers. PMID: 9039464
Laminin labelling was found over the basal lamina and possibly over the immediately subjacent Schwann cell plasma membrane, but specific labelling appeared to be absent from other membranes (including those of non-myelinated axon/Schwann cell clusters) and from endoneurial collagen fibrils. PMID: 7745444
type IV collagen and laminin were confined to the lamina densa of normal oral epithelial basal lamina, and that both components were also detected in the lamina densa of basal lamina associated with carcinomas, and in the extracellular matrix of tumours. PMID: 7950837
Laminin is localized throughout the entire thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangial matrix. PMID: 2633114
In dorsal root ganglia, laminin was found in basal laminae of the satellite and Schwann cells ensheathing neuronal perikarya and nerve fibers, respectively, and around blood vessels. Within the basal lamina, the immunostain was found in the lamina lucida and lamina densa. PMID: 3097120
Laminin is also found in mesangial areas. However, it also appears to be distributed in typical basement membranelike patterns on glomerular and tubular basement membranes and Bowman's capsule. In glomerular basement membranes, laminin labeling is restricted to the lamina rara interna and adjacent regions of the lamina densa. PMID: 6995470
basal laminae displayed uniform immunofluorescence staining for laminin-1 in the sections of rat intact (naive) dorsal root ganglia (DRG). PMID: 16333605
distribution of fibronectin and laminin was similar in normal limb tissue components. These glycoproteins were localized in the pericellular region of the myofibers corresponding to its basement membrane; the perineurium and endoneurium of the nerves; and the basement membranes of blood vessels, skin epithelium, and dermal glands. The cytoplasm of myofibers, axons, skin epithelium, and bone matrix lacked fluorescence for both glycoproteins. PMID: 6339298
vulnerable dentate hilar neurons were strongly laminin-immunopositive. PMID: 8287271
Laminin is a constituent of the basement membrane in both chicken and quail blastoderms. PMID: 2782614
Immunohistochemistry using antiserum against the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin, was shown to be an excellent marker for brain blood vessels. Throughout the brain of mice, rats, guinea pigs, monkeys and humans, the basement membrane of the vascular structures were strongly laminin-positive. PMID: 3537540
In normal skin antilaminin alpha 1 chain antibodies stained the dermal-epidermal junction in a regular and continuous manner. In involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin large regions of discontinuous immunostaining were observed, mainly at the apex of the dermal papillae. PMID: 11952538
Immunohistochemical studies performed with specific antibodies to type IV collagen and a laminin (alpha1) revealed strong expression in the basement membrane of healthy palatal mucosa. PMID: 11168854
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that laminin is expressed in the inner and outer epithelia of the enamel organ and in small blood vessels in the dental papilla and strellate reticulum. PMID: 9476430
Immunoreaction product deposits with antibodies to laminin alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and gamma 1, and beta-dystroglycan were detected on the surface and vessels of the CNS of controls. PMID: 9255393
basement membranes of acinar, ductal, and endothelial cells from all of the normal pancreatic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis tissue samples were continuously immunostained, but the stroma was negatively immunostained by both antibodies. PMID: 8530835
In normal tissue, the A, B1, and B2 chains had a ubiquitous localization in both parenchymatous and vascular BMs and in the pericapillary connective tissue space also. The S chain seemed to have principally a vascular localization, in contrast to the M chain that was mostly localized in the parenchymatous BM. PMID: 8145533
Immunostaining using an anti-laminin serum clearly demonstrated the profiles of the Ruffini endings as well as those of the blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, reaction products for laminin were deposited in the entire thickness of the multi-layered structure, supporting the idea that this structure is derived from the basal lamina. PMID: 1954043
Laminin was localized within the basal lamina underlying growing and atretic ovarian follicles, blood vessels, and the germinal epithelium. In addition, laminin was also present at the periphery of individual corpora lutea cells. PMID: 6363605
Capillaries expressing the laminin alpha2 chain in basement membranes may be considered early developing vessels in normal and neoplastic human tissues. PMID: 16507913
Laminin alpha5-chain, a constituent of laminins-10 and -11, is expressed in endothelial basement membranes. PMID: 16236823
antibodies against the gamma3 chain showed light microscopic staining exclusively in basement membrane zones of adult and embryonic tissues, such as the brain, kidney, skin, muscle, and testis. Ultrastructural immunogold staining localized the gamma3 chain to basement membranes of these tissues. PMID: 15824114
laminin alpha4 chain, a component of laminin-8/9, is expressed in basement membranes of endothelial cells, the peripheral nerves, and muscle fibers. By immunostaining with specific antibodies, we demonstrate here that the alpha4 chain is located in the basement membrane zones of blood vessels and is also associated with fibroblast-like cells in the dermis. PMID: 15086543
Laminin immunoreactivity (LAM-IR) is best expressed in the vicinity of the perineural capsule cells of both receptor types, where it is primarily concentrated around the perinuclear regions as well as the cytoplasmic lamellae. Such a localization overlaps with the already known ultrastructural localization of a basal lamina (BL) around these cells. Laminin immunoreactivity is less well expressed around the modified Schwann cells. PMID: 14675965
laminin itself or laminin-like-antigens exists in the perineuronal nets in relation to inhibitory neuron synapses. PMID: 14626346
Laminin-10 was present in the basement membrane of elongating hair germs, when other laminins were downregulated, suggesting a role for laminin-10 in hair development. PMID: 12743034
Of the approximately 15 laminin trimers described in mammals, laminin-1 expression seems to be largely limited to epithelial basement membranes. PMID: 12714040
laminin-10 (alpha5-beta1-gamma1) comprises a major neuronal laminin in the mouse hippocampus, and is degraded before neuronal death during excitotoxic injury by the tissue plasminogen activator/plasmin protease cascade. PMID: 12559092
laminin alpha1 expression is restricted to early human lung morphogenesis, whereas the expression of laminin alpha5 in human lung is continuous from early lung development through adult life. It is evident that laminin alpha1 and laminin alpha5 have different roles in the development of the human lung. PMID: 11104726

Abnormal Expression

Laminin was observed within vascular and epithelial basement membranes. Laminin displayed a continuous linear pattern in intraductal carcinomas, and it was heterogeneously distributed, with a discontinuous linear pattern, in invasive carcinomas. No intracellular laminin staining was detected. Electron microscopic study showed laminin immunostaining in the lamina densa of basement membranes in nonneoplastic breast tissue. In tumors, laminin immunostaining frequently revealed multilayered basement membranes and abnormal multilayered basement membranes in blood vessels in the tumor stroma. PMID: 3514427
Laminin was found in the cell membranes and within the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as in intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Plasma membranes of the neuroblastoma cells showed a patchy localization of laminin that was apparently involved in cell-to-substrate attachment and in gap junction-like intercellular connections. Under normal conditions, the Golgi cisternae contained no laminin. Pretreatment of cells with micromolar concentrations of monensin, however, lead to an accumulation of laminin within the Golgi cisternae. PMID: 6841971
Laminin immunohistochemistry clearly demonstrated a fine network of linear positive staining around the cytoplasm and processes of the tumor cells. The ultrastructure of the heterotopic glial tissue consisted of many astrocytes partially surrounded by basal lamina. PMID: 1621510
A proximal or distal ligature of the spinal nerves resulted in a heterogeneous immunostaining for laminin-1 around neuron-SGC units in the sections of the corresponding DRG. The pattern of irregular laminin-1 immunofluorescence was more extensive in the ipsilateral than the contralateral DRG of the operated rats. PMID: 16333605
Increased laminin-5 gamma2 chain immunoreactivity, suggesting a high invasive potential of tumor cells, was a significant poor prognostic indicator for the patients with colorectal carcinoma. PMID: 12432301
laminin-5 is frequently expressed by cancer cells at the invasive front of lung adenocarcinoma. The study concluded that overexpression of laminin-5 may be a useful prognostic factor in patients with small-sized lung adenocarcinoma, especially in Stage I cases. PMID: 11267958
Increased laminin-5 gamma2 chain immunoreactivity, which may reflect a high invasive potential of cancer cells, is a factor indicative of a poor prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. PMID: 10357399
the loss of laminin-5 in breast cancer supports the view that breast carcinomas do not utilize laminin-5 for invasion. PMID: 10231397
the basement membrane (BM) of newly formed vessels in brain tumors presents the same immunohistochemical structure as normal brain vessel BM, expressing alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and gamma 1 laminin chains. PMID: 9648286
Unlike type VII collagen, laminin was also abundantly present around blood vessels and muscle fibres. With respect to 42 squamous cell carcinomas studied, type VII collagen and laminin were present in basement membranes surrounding small and large tumour fields, independent of the tumour grade. Type VII collagen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in 36% of the cases, while the antibody to laminin displayed a basement membrane staining pattern mainly. PMID: 1452129
Tenascin-C immunostaining was increased, and laminin decreased in carcinomas compared with peritumoural tissue and benign prostate hyperplasia (P<0.05). PMID: 16652121
majority of the primary cervical tumors, especially squamous cell carcinoma, showed expression of laminin-5 gamma2 chain immunoreactivity. Independent. PMID: 16343183
Laminin 5 gamma 2 chain expression was found to increase progressively towards a more atypical phenotype of adenoma. PMID: 14645697
This study provides the first report that Ln-5 is present in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primary nodule, but not in normal or peritumoral cirrhotic tissues. PMID: 14506159
Increased laminin-5 gamma2 chain immunoreactivity, suggesting a high invasive potential of tumor cells, was a significant poor prognostic indicator for the patients with colorectal carcinoma. PMID: 12432301
laminin-gamma2 is frequently overexpressed in HNSCCs and derivative cell lines and that its overexpression is likely to be useful as a marker of head-and-neck squamous malignancy. PMID: 11992550
cytoplasmic expression of the laminin gamma2 chain represents the high invasive potential of the tumor and is correlated with distant metastasis, especially hepatic metastasis, and with a poorer prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PMID: 11920553

Expression Alteration

After acute intoxication, both type IV collagen and laminin were increased in the area of hepatic necrosis, adjacent to the central veins; however, sinusoidal capillarization was not found. During chronic intoxication, deposition of laminin was co-distributed with that of type IV collagen, but deposition proceeded more slowly than that of the type IV collagen. Deposition of laminin was increased in the Disse space. PMID: 1961088
changes in the expressions of laminin and syndecan-1 in response to cystostatic treatment proved to be important predictive factors. PMID: 15750416
A loss of laminin expression was observed in the media in cases of compression and shift after 6 months. The grade of expression of laminin in anastomoses was dependent on the extent of injury. PMID: 15262257
during development the laminin immunopositivity gradually disappeared from the brain vessels, but temporarily re-appeared in them around lesions. PMID: 15043714
Merosin alpha 2 chain was not detectable in the basement membrane of muscle fibers, or in the nerve endings, cutaneous nerves, and corium in the skin of the CMD patients, whereas it was clearly expressed in the skin biopsy samples from control patients, especially in the nerve endings of the arrector pili muscles. PMID: 9255383
reduced expression of laminin-5 gamma 2 in colorectal cancers with deficient DNA mismatch repair may underlie a variant of tumor budding that is relatively nonaggressive. PMID: 16773493
the Lam5/p16 response is activated in normal wound healing, causing growth arrest of migratory keratinocytes that lead wound reepithelialization. PMID: 16358814
loss of homeostatic levels of laminin-5 under a high glucose condition may correlate to weaken epithelial cell adhesion, resulting in the clinical manifestation of diabetic keratopathy. PMID: 16331044
laminin expression decreases and fibronectin expression increases in renal dysplasia compared with normal nephrogenesis. PMID: 15630524
expression of laminin gamma2 chain and collagen type XVII is altered in endometrial adenocarcinomas, which support their role in malignant growth. PMID: 15609083
Laminin-5 gamma2-chain expression is upregulated during the progression of endometrial carcinoma. PMID: 12835517
during tumor invasion, loss of the BM barrier occurs and a discontinuous pattern of laminin staining is observed. PMID: 12083850
expression of laminin alpha chains is often reduced in lung cancer cells and this might contribute to basement membrane fragmentation and subsequent proliferation of stromal elements, as well as play some role in the process of cancer cell invasion. PMID: 11267939
beta4 integrin and its ligand, laminin-5 are altered during the transition of PIN lesions to invasive prostate carcinoma. PMID: 11170153

Function

In vitro laminins stimulate numerous biological effects, such as cell migration, proliferation, attachment and differentiation. In vitro laminins influence immunocompetent cells and in vivo possibly play an important role in graft rejection. PMID: 9923657
Immunohistochemistry with LN-5 gamma2 facilitates the assessment of the invasiveness of cervical adenocarcinomas and improves the interobserver agreement in glandular lesions of the cervix uteri. PMID: 16733211
Tumour budding detected by laminin-5 immunohistochemistry may be of prognostic value in the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer. PMID: 15821121
the modulation of Ln-5 is recommended as a diagnostic marker of invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) phenotype. PMID: 12670521
Laminin and type IV collagen contribute to extracellular matrix formation in the infarct zone relatively early after myocardial infarction. PMID: 8683853
the adjunct use of immunohistochemical laminin staining in the histopathologic examination of TCC of the bladder is essential in more exact identification of the different pathologic stages and is also of help in the more detailed prediction of tumor behavior and prognosis. PMID: 7682019
laminin may be utilized as a marker for the newly formed vessels in neural transplantations. PMID: 2748010
Assessment of laminin status, together with Dukes' stage is, therefore, commended as a more precise and objective indicator of prognosis than histological degree of differentiation in colorectal carcinoma. PMID: 3519472
all vascular walls were positive for laminin. Therefore, demonstration of laminin also can be used to examine the vascular pattern of tumors. PMID: 6338699
Laminin 5 (Ln-5) is an important regulator of ADPKD cell proliferation and cystogenesis. PMID: 16870608
expression of laminin-5 gamma2 chain and MMP-2 may be involved in the process of neoplastic changes of uterine cervical squamous epithelium. PMID: 15925946
the isoforms of laminin were functionally distinct, with laminin-10 being the most adhesive substratum, laminin-2, laminin-5 and laminin-10 enhancing cellular proliferation and at the opposite, laminin-1 stimulating intestinal cell differentiation. PMID: 15652360
LN gamma 2 chain monomer could be an important indicator of progression of lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 11223548
5 initiates hemidesmosome formation and provides stable attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. Laminin 5 also accelerates the assembly of basement membranes and may enhance the recovery of damaged skin. PMID: 11137397

Applications

Electron Microscopy (EM)

Ultrastructural localization of laminin-5 (gamma2 chain) in the rat peri-implant oral mucosa around a titanium-dental implant by immuno-electron microscopy. PMID: 15913767
To better understand the cellular localization of the 67LR and its precursor, transmission electron microscopic studies of human melanoma A2058 cells were carried out using immunogold labeling and a variety of antibodies. PMID: 7827956
distribution of laminin-like immunoreactivity in adult normal and denervated cat mandibular tooth pulps was studied by the use of fluorescence microscopy and pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy. PMID: 1423518
distribution of laminin-like immunoreactivity in adult normal and denervated cat mandibular tooth pulps was studied by the use of fluorescence microscopy and pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy. PMID: 1423518
present study was carried out to examine the ultrastructural localization of laminin and type-IV collagen in the junctional epithelium of rat molar gingiva by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase method. PMID: 2148950
Immune electron microscopy using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was done on muscle biopsies from patients with scleroderma (PSS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and normal controls, in order to localize laminin and fibronectin in the muscle capillary basement membrane (BM). PMID: 3521018
Immunolocalization of type IV collagen and laminin in nonbasement membrane structures of murine corneal stroma. A light and electron microscopic study. PMID: 3892156
Laminin was localized in cultured mouse C1300 neuroblastoma cells by applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in preembedding electron microscopy. PMID: 6841971
We have used an immunogold post-embedding technique to examine, qualitatively and quantitatively, the distribution of laminin along sarcolemmal basal laminae of variously treated muscle autografts placed in transected rat sciatic nerves. PMID: 8737173
To determine the precise orientation of laminin 5 in adult human skin, we used plural epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies, a polyclonal antiserum, and postembedding immunogold electron microscopy (IEM). PMID: 14500698
Using a postembedding ultrastructural immunogold technique, laminin and type IV collagen were distributed within the basal lamina surrounding the normal human breast ductule. PMID: 12036095
distribution of the major basal lamina components, type IV collagen and laminin, in normal rat tongue mucosa and experimentally induced oral carcinomas was investigated using post-embedding immunogold techniques and electron microscopy. PMID: 7950837
Ultrastructural localization of the three major basement membrane components--type IV collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin--in human membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID: 8017478
Ultrastructural localization of three major basement membrane components--type IV collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin in the normal human GBM. PMID: 8255003
Using ultrastructural immunogold histochemistry on LR-Gold-embedded 6- and 7-day-old mouse embryos we investigated the appearance of the A- and B1-chains of the laminin molecule during mesoderm formation. PMID: 8214617
temporal and spatial distribution of the basement membrane component laminin was examined in vivo in developing rat hearts at 11.5 and 15 days of embryonic development (ED), and in neonates and adults, by pre-embedding ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. PMID: 1506674
The synthesis of one of the main glycoproteins of the basement membrane, the laminin, was demonstrated by ultrastructural immunolocalization during rat foetal (16th day to 20th day of gestation) and postnatal development of the testis. PMID: 2050544
ultrastructural expression of laminin and fibronectin was studied in human colonic mucosa with a pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique. PMID: 2311099
ultrastructural localization of the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin was investigated in basement membranes of proximal tubules of the mouse kidney. PMID: 3301752
localization of two noncollagenous components of basement membranes, laminin and entactin, was determined in rat kidney, muscle, and small intestine using electron immunohistochemistry. PMID: 6198358
Distribution of type IV collagen and laminin in the gingival capillary basement membrane from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. PMID: 1341699
Immunoelectron microscopy showed that laminin-1 reexpression took place in both glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. PMID: 12631063

ELISA

The newly developed Slot-Blot-ELISA is a simple, rapid and highly sensitive assay for detection of LA in hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, all steps were performed at room temperature without the need to use expensive equipment, and this may enhance the application of this assay in screening programs. PMID: 16487952
the established laminin 5 (LN5) ELISA holds great promise as a novel diagnostic and prognostic parameter for Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP). PMID: 15816831
A sandwich ELISA for laminin 5 was developed by using two monoclonal antibodies specific for human laminin 5, basement membrane (BM)165 and 6F12, which were raised against the laminin alpha3 chain and the laminin beta3 chain, respectively. PMID: 10357216
Serum laminin (P1 fragment) and type IV collagen levels were determined in patients with hepatic disorders. The method was based on a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay using two monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of either laminin or type IV collagen molecule. PMID: 1330375
A one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (one step sandwich EIA) for human serum immunoreactive laminin was set up with a pair of monoclonal antibodies prepared against human placental laminin P1 fragment. PMID: 2099155
A convenient procedure, using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay of laminin, to measure retinoid-induced F9-cell differentiation into parietal endoderm was developed. PMID: 3034091
Antibodies against laminin were determined by ELISA in forty six patients suffering from Chagas' disease and twenty healthy persons (control group). PMID: 8177238
Laminin concentrations were determined by ELISA with antibodies against laminin extracted from the human placenta, in patients with ascites due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (N = 20) and hepatic cirrhosis (N = 33). PMID: 15785839
Laminin 5 synthesis by human keratinocytes was determined by a specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID: 15541073
Laminin and collagen IV serum concentrations were measured in 170 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (86 UC and 84 CD), in 23 patients with other causes of intestinal inflammation, and in 80 matched healthy controls using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. PMID: 14600124
We have raised a monoclonal antibody (MAb) FC10, and by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and Western blotting techniques we show that it recognizes the human Ln alpha4-chain. PMID: 12133914

Enzymeimmunassay (EIA)

We measured preoperative serum laminin levels using a two-step sandwich enzymeimmunassay (EIA) method in 205 patients with colorectal cancer, 109 with colon cancer and 96 with rectal cancer, 52 with hepatic metastases, and 153 with no hepatic metastases. PMID: 15592676

Flow Cytometry (FC)

Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis of fibronectin and laminin binding to Sporothrix schenckii yeast cells and conidia. PMID: 15351036
Flow cytometric analysis and motility response to laminin and fibronectin of four new metastatic variants of the human renal cell carcinoma line RC43. PMID: 1301582

Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

Immunocytochemical expression of Ki67 and laminin in Hurthle cell adenomas and carcinomas. PMID: 12926070
The aim of the study was to analyze Ki67 and laminin immunocytochemical expression on FNAC to evaluate their usefulness in the preoperative differential diagnosis of Hurthle cell neoplasms. PMID: 12926070
Immunocytochemical localization of laminin in hamster tracheal epithelial cell cultures. PMID: 1926135
Immunocytochemical staining of C6 cells, astrocytes and fibroblasts showed that laminin, fibronectin and GDN were abundant on the surface of glioma cells and astrocytes whereas on fibroblasts fibronectin was abundant though only traces of GDN and laminin could be detected. PMID: 12106141
S-100 protein and laminin: immunocytochemical markers for human Schwann cells in vitro. PMID: 3732467
distribution of laminin was investigated by immunocytochemistry in the rat anterior pituitary in vivo and in primary culture. PMID: 3910638

Immunofluorescence (IF)

we used immunofluorescence to determine whether laminin, collagen type IV, fibronectin, and GPA could be detected in basement membranes of the kidneys of dogs with Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy, which was previously shown to be a model for human hereditary nephritis. PMID: 3550289
Confocal immunofluorescence imaging is introduced for a quantitative evaluation of the Ln-5 content in the BM of oral squamous epithelium. PMID: 11561010
This work describes a method for the immunolocalization of laminin on 1 micron-thick tissue sections using a postembedding immunofluorescence technique. PMID: 3058649
Immunofluorescence with laminin antisera revealed a striking change in the localization of this basal membrane glycoprotein in rat sciatic nerve as a result of Wallerian degeneration. PMID: 6693930
distribution of fibronectin and laminin was determined in the basement membrane surrounding the caudal neural tube and at the site of initial apposition of the caudal neural folds by means of indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry on 9.0- to 10.5-day mouse embryos fixed in Carnoy's solution and serially sectioned in paraffin. PMID: 2676922
topographic distribution of fibronectin and laminin in young and old human eyes was determined by indirect immunofluorescent techniques. PMID: 3549611
Purified antibodies against type IV collagen and laminin were used ot localize basement membranes by indirect immunofluorescence in various anatomical regions of normal and diseased human skin. PMID: 7039655
We have studied the distribution of laminin (Ln) chains using immunofluorescence in human fetal and adult adrenal cortex. PMID: 14557481
Kidneys from mice, dogs, and humans with X-linked and autosomal-recessive forms of Alport syndrome were examined by immunofluorescence for expression of laminin alpha, beta, and gamma chains using monospecific antibodies. PMID: 11158215

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Thirty-eight human pituitary adenomas (24 endocrine active and 14 endocrine inactive tumors) were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of the basement membrane component, laminin, and ultrastructurally for the presence of basement membrane. PMID: 3026135
A wide range of normal human tissue samples including cervix, endometrium, thyroid, pancreas, parotid, breast, placenta, gastric mucosae, striated muscle were compared with tumorous and non tumorous disorders (thyroiditis, Graves disease, follicular adenoma, thyroid carcinomas, breast cystic disease, fibroadenoma, adenosis, breast carcinomas) using anti-laminin and Avidin Biotin Peroxidase complex method on frozen sections (light microscopy study) and vibratome cut 100 micrometer-thick-sections (electron microscopy study). PMID: 3899129
Sixty-four malignant lung tumours and 12 of their regional lymph node metastases were analysed for expression of the laminin gamma2 chain by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. PMID: 10440745
Epithelial remodeling in the rat pineal during fetal development was immunohistochemically analyzed by using antibodies for laminin and cadherin as molecular markers of basal lamina and intercellular junctions, respectively. PMID: 8995197
three-dimensional localization of laminin in rat glomeruli at the chronic phase of Masugi nephritis was investigated by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method combined with immunohistochemistry. PMID: 1428997
Laminin immunohistochemistry in brain is dependent on method of tissue fixation. PMID: 1380879
To ascertain histological changes in the basal lamina of the bronchial epithelial basement membrane in patients with severe bronchial asthma, an immunohistochemical study was conducted in 43 patients who died of bronchial asthma. Antibodies against laminin, a component of the lamina lucida, were utilized. PMID: 12814156
We used immunohistochemical methods to stain paraffin-embedded sections of cervical cone biopsies with a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting the 2-chain of human laminin-5 protein. PMID: 12798700
a semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 100 routinely processed paraffin embedded samples (non-invasive and invasive UC) using the antibody D4B5 specific for the Ln-5 gamma2 chain was performed. PMID: 12670521
Immunohistochemical distribution of laminin gamma2 chain, a subunit of the basement membrane protein laminin-5, was examined in 19 cases of human embryos and foetuses ranging from 4 to 25 weeks of gestation. PMID: 12197671
We studied the localization of laminin alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, beta1, beta2, and gamma1 chains and extradomain A- (EDA), EDB-, and oncofetal fibronectin by immunohistochemistry in human placental villi during placental development. PMID: 11181734
presence of laminin-1, collagen-IV, alpha6 and beta1 integrin chains was detected by indirect immunohistochemistry using biotin/streptavidin/HRP or gold-conjugated secondary antibody at the light and electron microscope level, respectively. PMID: 10707839
we investigated by immunohistochemistry the distribution pattern of laminin (lam) and collagen IV (col IV) at the basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial compartments, and their potential relationship with the metastatic behavior of Ca ex-PA. PMID: 10452510
Expression and immunohistochemical localization of laminin and type IV collagen in developing human fetal tracheal glands. PMID: 8292544
Basement membrane (BM) alteration in thyroid diseases was examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies for the three major BM proteins: type IV collagen, laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan. PMID: 8291214
Immunohistochemical localization of laminin in the basement membranes of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate. PMID: 2687824
immunohistochemical distribution of laminin in 70 cases of primary and secondary brain tumors has been studied. The sections were fixed in Carnoy, embedded in paraffin, and treated with collagenase before applying the specific immune serum. PMID: 4024871
effects of different fixatives and enzymatic digestion procedures on the immunohistochemical demonstration of fibronectin and laminin in paraffin embedded tissues have been compared. PMID: 6427296
Immunohistochemical localization of entactin and laminin in mouse embryos and fetuses. PMID: 6653883
laminin expression by a standard immunoperoxidase method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histological sections, using a commercial antibody against human laminin. PMID: 11523929
In this study we used immunohistochemistry to show the distribution of laminin chains alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, beta1, beta2, beta3, gamma1, gamma2, as well as Type IV collagen, in various types of carcinomas and in normal tissues. PMID: 11373318

Immunoprecipitation (IP)

human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) expressed laminin-8 and laminin-10, but no other laminins, as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation assay using a panel of antibodies to individual laminin chains. PMID: 16374451
Upon transfection of the alpha1 chain, the alpha1beta1gamma1 trimer was found secreted in the media along with free alpha1 chain as assessed by immunoprecipitation. PMID: 11668477

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

LN levels in serum and ascites samples from 69 patients with epithelial ovarian tumor and 42 cases as control group before and after operation were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. PMID: 12658785

Tissue Microarray (TMA)

Our purpose was to examine the prognostic significance of LN-5gamma2 expression in different areas of individual colorectal cancers (CRCs) by using tissue microarrays (TMAs), and to clarify the optimal areas for prognostic assessment. PMID: 15516972

Western Blot (WB)

Molecular forms and GCF laminin-5 gamma2-chain levels and the effects of P. gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase on intact laminin-5 gamma2-chain were analysed by computer-quantitated Western immunoblotting. PMID: 16820033
Protein expression of laminin isoforms was determined using Western blotting, and mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR. PMID: 16753808
We analyzed the reactivity of three different commercially available rat monoclonal antibodies raised against mouse laminin-alpha1beta1gamma1 (laminin-111), AL-1, AL-2, and AL-4. Using ELISA assays, Western blot analysis and immunostainings we present refined epitope maps for these three laminin monoclonals. PMID: 16631359
Laminin-5 gamma2-chain levels and molecular forms in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed semiquantitatively by Western immunoblotting to compare PE affected (n=20) and healthy dogs (n=16) as well as PE dogs (n=6) before and after corticosteroid treatment. PMID: 16624727
Immunoblotting analysis confirmed absence of laminin 5 deposition in organotypic cultures of c-Ha-ras-transformed HaCaT II-4rt while the protein was detected in organotypic cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes. PMID: 16460839
Western blotting analysis, immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and immuno-gold labeling for laminin gamma(2) and integrin beta(4) were employed in primary cultures of the rat gingival epithelium. PMID: 16409251
Immunoblotting was used to compare the expression of laminin between the amniotic membrane group and the control group. PMID: 15474835
Western blot showed that cultured fibroblasts secreted a laminin trimer containing the alpha4 chain. PMID: 15086543
immunoblotting using purified laminin 5 should be useful technique for the diagnosis of anti-laminin 5 CP, although the sensitivity was less than conventional immunoprecipitation analysis. PMID: 14581137
We screened the expression of laminin chains at the mRNA level and determined the major laminins expressed in epithelial and stromal cells of human ureteral tissue by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We also examined their expression in vivo by immunofluorescence study. PMID: 14532849
laminin-5 content was determined by Western blot analysis using a panel of antibodies directed against the alpha3, beta3 or gamma2 chains of the molecule. PMID: 11600936