Neutrophil Elastase (NE, HNE) Antibody Review

 

 

 

Introduction

  • an enzyme degrading elastin and collagen fibers. PMID: 16957923

  • a crucial mediator of inflammatory tissue damage. PMID: 10589939

  • a serine proteinase released by activated human neutrophils, can degrade a wide variety of biomacromolecules including elastin, and is considered a marker of inflammatory diseases. PMID: 16763380, PMID: 10521989

  • its key physiologic role is in innate host defense, it can also participate in tissue remodeling and possesses secretagogue actions that are now recognized as important to local inflammatory responses. PMID: 16799086

  • a proteolytic enzyme which can have a destructive effect on respiratory tract structures. PMID: 15277996

  • one of the key proteinases in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PMID: 10867593

  • a multipotent protease released from activated neutrophils, which may play a role in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. PMID: 10596695

Normal Expression

  • In normal controls, neutrophil infiltration was scarce, and neutrophil elastase (NE) was localized in neutrophil cytoplasm. PMID: 9191007

  • an acid-independent, inflammatory serine protease predominantly expressed by neutrophils. PMID: 15927073

Abnormal Expression

  • expressed in breast cancer cells and seem to be involved in cell proliferation. PMID: 16929516

  • In these chronic inflammatory airway diseases, neutrophil elastase (NE) is found in high concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid. PMID: 15273079

  • plasma elastase is a useful independent marker of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID: 10521989

  • neutrophil elastase (NE) was localized in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and also appeared extracellularly (in granular or diffuse patterns) in glomerular necrotizing lesions, crescents, ruptured portions of Bowman's capsules, and in periglomerular and perivascular sites of the interstitium. PMID: 9191007

  • Intense infiltration and aggregation of neutrophil elastase positive (NE+) cells were observed especially in the periglomerular and perivascular areas in the first biopsy in which vascular necrosis, rupture of Bowman's capsule, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis were present. In addition to intracellular NE expression, NE was also expressed extracellularly in both segmental glomerular tufts and the interstitium. Intensity of NE immunoreactivity in the glomeruli was closely correlated with the development of glomerular necrotizing lesions and crescents, but no such correlation was detected with the infiltration of macrophages, T cells or B cells. In the second biopsy (convalescent phase), patchy intracellular NE expression was present in the interstitium, but no aggregation of NE+ cells or extracellular NE expression was detected in either the glomeruli or the interstitium. PMID: 8861794

  • Elastase and cathepsin G were not detected in blood neutrophils from the patients with Chediak-Higashi disease, but were present in bone marrow cells, although immunohistochemistry showed they were not within cytoplasmic granules. PMID: 16695972

  • In bronchopneumonia and polyarteritis nodosa, elastase was associated with the cleaved elastic fibers, indicating that the enzyme really destroys tissue in vivo. In the exudates of rheumatoid joint, elastase was stained as diffuse fine granules. PMID: 1982000

  • human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is localized in the azurophil granules of neutrophils, and extracellularly on the elastic fibers of alveolar interstitium and basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium. PMID: 2119977

  • our findings do not support the existence of high concentrations of elastase in association with elastin in emphysematous lung tissue. PMID: 3366931

Function

  • NE-induced tissue damage in late-stage AS plaques contributes to the development of plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis. PMID: 16957923

  • Amniotic neutrophil elastase and LDH are useful markers in predicting histologic chorioamnionitis (CAM). PMID: 16752257

  • Highly activated neutrophils play a critical role in mediating organ injury in sepsis by releasing neutrophil elastase (NE). PMID: 15614130

  • neutrophil elastase may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. PMID: 15477122

  • neutrophil elastase (NE) proteolytic activity initiates an inflammatory process leading to goblet cell metaplasia. PMID: 15273079

  • neutrophil elastase (NE) might play a critical role in the development of I/R-induced liver injury by decreasing endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial prostacyclin (PGI(2)). PMID: 15246960

  • human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is mitogenic for airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells by increasing cyclin D1 activity through ERK signaling pathway. PMID: 15010259

  • Neutrophil elastase is a protease that is involved in the tissue destruction and inflammation that characterize numerous diseases, including hereditary emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, ischemic-reperfusion injury and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 12833649

  • NE up-regulates HBD-2 expression in bronchial epithelial cells. PMID: 12832046

  • These findings point to a novel role for the serine protease, neutrophil elastase, in matrix breakdown by macrophages, a critical process in adaptive remodeling of vessels and in the pathogenesis of arterial diseases. PMID: 12771009

  • NE released in situ may impair mucosal repair through inhibiting epithelial cell proliferation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). PMID: 12572862

  • involvement of neutrophil elastase in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury includes: (1) neutrophil elastase levels are increased in both clinical and animal models of acute lung injury; (2) topical or systemic administration of neutrophil elastase produces typical symptoms of acute lung injury both in vitro and in vivo; and (3) inhibition of increased neutrophil elastase activity reduces symptoms of acute lung injury in animal models. PMID: 12223222

  • In full-term neonates cord blood neutrophil elastase is a good marker of infection. PMID: 12177509

  • Neutrophil elastase may be implicated in the development of symptomatic DIC after head injury, whose characteristics include "enhanced fibrinolysis with minimal platelet loss." PMID: 10912863

  • neutrophil proteases, especially neutrophil elastase, and elastase-rich CF sputum cause degranulation of eosinophils in a mechanism partially dependent on Ca2+ and actin filaments. PMID: 9887052

  • Neutrophil elastase (NE) promotes stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats by reducing gastric mucosal blood flow and increasing neutrophil accumulation. PMID: 9823937

  • Elastase is the only human neutrophil granule protein that alone is responsible for in vitro killing of Borrelia burgdorferi. PMID: 9529060

  • Neutrophil elastase (NE) is the only neutral protease that is able to degrade insoluble elastin and other extracellular matrix constituents, and thus, may be involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. PMID: 9106565

  • neutrophil-derived elastase plays an important role in endothelial cell injury in combination with O2. PMID: 9066513

  • release of elastase from activated neutrophils relates to endothelial cell damage. PMID: 8760986

  • neutrophil elastase is an important mediator in the development of solar elastosis resulting from continued exposure to UVB irradiation. PMID: 15612329, PMID: 8575266

  • Passively released or actively secreted elastase from neutrophils has been linked to the pathologic processes of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. PMID: 7952645

  • neutrophil elastase plays an important role as a secretagogue in the allergic late-phase response. PMID: 1399999

  • timely measurements of PMN-elastase are useful to marker of monitoring clinical changes in severe pancreatitis. PMID: 1462874

Applications

 

Electron Microscopy (EM)

  • The heterogeneity of azurophil granules in neutrophil promyelocytes: immunogold localization of myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, elastase, proteinase 3, and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein. PMID: 8180395

  • The immunolocalization of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in the alveolar interstitium of 6 patients with emphysema was investigated by immunochemical electron microscopy. PMID: 2119977

  • To test the role of elastase in the pathogenesis of emphysema human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was localised by electron microscopy using an immunogold staining technique. PMID: 3366931

Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)

  • Using a highly specific and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA), we recently demonstrated that immunoreactive (ir)-NE is produced by non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. PMID: 9106565

ELISA

  • concentrations of CS and neutrophil elastase were determined by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaying, respectively. PMID: 16890150

  • HNE ANCAs were measured by direct and capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using purified native HNE as target antigen. PMID: 15457464

  • Levels of plasma human neutrophil elastase (HNE) bound to alpha1-antitrypsin (pHNE-alpha1AT) were measured by ELISA. PMID: 9558173

  • urinary concentration of NE measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in crescentic GN patients was significantly higher than in normals. PMID: 9191007

  • Whether antibodies to elastase (EL) exist in autoimmune disease is controversial, due in part to inadequate methods used to determine antibody titers. We have developed a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using immobilized EL and mouse monoclonal antibodies for standardization. PMID: 8768911

  • Neutrophil elastase and two markers of endothelial cell damage (von Willebrand factor and soluble thrombomodulin) were measured in plasma by ELISA. PMID: 8760986

  • quantification of immunoreactive neutrophil elastase was by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). PMID: 7554333

  • We have measured the immunoreactive neutrophil elastase (ir-NE) concentration in tumor extracts of 313 primary human breast cancers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay recently developed and have evaluated its association with disease-free survival. This is a sensitive assay that enables rapid measurement of both free-form and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI)-complexed form of ir-NE. PMID: 7884307

  • We developed a sensitive double-sandwich ELISA assay for neutrophil elastase (NE) using affinity-purified NE antibody. PMID: 1986685

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been used to measure elastase proteinase inhibitor complex (EPIC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the elderly, with and without infection. PMID: 2488302

Enzyme Chemistry

  • Detection of extracellular neutrophil elastase in hamster lungs after intratracheal instillation of E. coli lipopolysaccharide using a fluorogenic, elastase-specific, synthetic substrate. PMID: 1632460

Immunocytochemistry (ICC)

  • Immunocytochemical localization of neutrophil elastase in term placenta decidua and myometrium in pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID: 1911612

Immunodiffusion (ID)

  • Contents of HNE and alpha 1-AT and the positive rates of PMN-Ab in patients with SLE were measured and tested by ELISA, immunodiffusion and protein-A rosette, respectively, and it was found that plasma HNE content was significantly higher in patients with SLE (61.0 +/- 13.9 ng/ml) than in normal controls. PMID: 2785271

Immunofluorescence (IF)

  • HNE ANCAs were measured by indirect immunofluorescence using a previously undescribed expression system for recombinant HNE. PMID: 15457464

  • GCF MMP-8, MMP-9, and PMN-elastase levels were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay. PMID: 11327063

  • To test whether neutrophils infiltrate and degranulate in areas of chronic respiratory allergic inflammation, we developed an indirect immunofluorescence technique to localize neutrophil elastase in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. PMID: 2178530

  • Human neutrophil elastase was found, by indirect immunofluorescence using rabbit anti-elastase anti-serum, to be bound to basement membrane of psoriatic plaques in vivo. The enzyme was also identified inside the migrating neutrophils in the reticular dermis and dermal papillae, as well as outside the cells in micro-abscesses in psoriatic skin. PMID: 1707254

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

  • The presence of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in the temporal artery wall of 7 TA and 7 non-TA patients was evaluated immunohistochemically. PMID: 9558173

  • Immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue with anti-human neutrophil elastase showed scattered immunopositive cells mainly in interstitium. Immunohistochemical staining with mouse anti-human HGF antibody showed that HGF was distributed to the lung epithelial cells in IPF lung specimens obtained by open lung biopsy. PMID: 9415350

  • we examined neutrophils infiltrated in renal tissues and the localization of neutrophil elastase (NE), as a neutrophil-derived tissue destructive mediator, using an immunohistochemical technique with antibodies specific for neutrophils and neutrophil elastase; the enzyme histochemical technique (chloroesterase staining) also was used to detect neutrophils. PMID: 9191007

  • The reactivity of a monoclonal anti-neutrophil elastase antibody (NP57) with routinely processed biopsy samples from various acute leukaemias has been examined and compared with that of chloroacetate esterase and CD15 (hapten X), two other myeloid cell-associated markers detectable in paraffin sections. PMID: 2759560

  • A monoclonal antibody, NP57, was produced and used against the neutrophil granule protein elastase, which selectively stain neutrophils in cryostat and paraffin wax sections. The antibody stains neutrophils and a subpopulation of monocytes in blood smears and neutrophil precursors in bone marrow smears, and gives positive reactions with the cell lines HL60 and U-937. It labelled the blast cells in 68% of cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (M1-M5) but was unreactive with all cases of lymphoid leukaemias. PMID: 2844860

Neutrilzation (Neut)

  • Enzyme activity also was neutralized by antibodies against human neutrophil elastase. Incubation of fibronectin with burn wound fluid or purified human neutrophil elastase generated similar fibronectin-degradation products. PMID: 8040604

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

  • We studied neutrophil activation and its role in the etiology of PGD by measuring neutrophil elastase by radioimmunoassay, in serial blood samples of 19 patients before, during, and for 24 hr after transplantation. PMID: 8878384

  • A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for measuring neutrophil elastase in the range 0.08-4 ng/ml has been developed. PMID: 3853449

Western Blotting (WB)

  • A significant increase in an enzyme, identified to be neutrophil elastase by inhibition of its activity by Elastatinal and Western blotting, was also detected in all Dobermans when compared to controls. PMID: 9205552

  • Cell lysates were analysed for neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G activity by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblotting. PMID: 16695972

  • Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was analyzed for protein(s), antibody staining and activity staining, on lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting. PMID: 1725858