Expression
UVAB (280-400 nm UV 
				radiation) produced dimers in both dermal and epidermal cells, 
				whereas UVC (254-nm UV radiation) induced a detectable number of 
				dimers only in epidermal cells; b) UVAB-induced dimers were 
				observed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of affected cells, 
				whereas dimers induced by UVC were confined to nuclei. 
				
				PMID: 3281146
dimer-specific 
				fluorescence was detected in sporozoite nuclei within oocysts 
				exposed to 10-40 mJ.cm(-2) of UV light. 
				
				PMID: 17012589
Topical calcineurin inhibitors decrease the 
				production of UVB-induced thymine dimers from hairless mouse 
				epidermis.
				
				PMID: 16286744
Substitution of equally carcinogenic UV-A for 
				UV-B irradiations lowers epidermal thymine dimer levels during 
				skin cancer induction in hairless mice.
				
				PMID: 7586151
Rapid disappearance of 
				dimers was observed in cells which had been microinjected with 
				yeast photoreactivating enzyme prior to UV irradiation. 
				
				PMID: 2306742
urinary thymidine dimer 
				(T = T) could be a suitable noninvasive biomarker for UV 
				exposure. 
				
				PMID: 16365002,
				
				
				PMID: 11511303
thymidine dimers (T=T) 
				level in nevi was found to be 1- to 4.5-fold lower than that in 
				surrounding skin. 
				
				PMID: 11971988
silibinin affords 
				strong protection against UV-induced damage in epidermis by a 
				decrease in thymine dimer positive cells. 
				
				PMID: 15033902
Applications
 
Electron Microscopy
immunoelectron 
				microscopic studies using a monoclonal antibody against 
				cyclobutane-type thymine dimers were performed. 
				
				PMID: 8506402
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
A monoclonal antibody 
				specific for u.v.-induced thymine-thymine dimers in 
				single-stranded DNA has been used in an enzyme immunoassay to 
				investigate the loss of antigenicity associated with repair of 
				this lesion in the first 2 h following 10 J/m2 254 nm radiation.
				
				
				PMID: 3304692
Flow Cytometry (FC)
thymine dimers in 
				epidermal cell suspensions were quantified by flow cytometry.
				
				
				PMID: 7586151
flow cytometric detection of thymine dimers 
				in mononuclear cells from extracorporally UV-irradiated blood.
				
				PMID: 7791005
thymine dimers in human skin exposed to UVB 
				radiation: flow cytometric measurements in replicating and 
				nonreplicating epidermal cells.
				
				PMID: 8570743
Immunoassay (IA)
UV-induced unscheduled 
				DNA synthesis is associated with the early loss of antigenicity 
				observed in immunoassays using a monoclonal antibody specific 
				for thymine-thymine dimers. 
				
				PMID: 3278923
Immunocytochemistry (ICC)
immunocytochemical 
				method was developed to study in vivo induction and removal of 
				DNA damage in a specific cell population in the epidermis of 
				hairless mice after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure: the 
				immunocompetent antigen-presenting Langerhans cells. 
				
				PMID: 8180101
immunocytochemical 
				method was developed to study induction and removal of DNA 
				damage in specific cell populations in the epidermis of hairless 
				mice during chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure. 
				
				PMID: 7684426
Immunofluorescence (IF)
double-immunofluorescence technique was used 
				to investigate UVR-induced thymine dimers and p53 protein 
				simultaneously.
				
				PMID: 11501666
Thymine dimers were 
				detected by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal 
				antibody against cyclobutyl-thymine dimers (anti-TDmAb). 
				
				PMID: 17012589
UV-induced thymine 
				dimers (10 J/m2 of UV-C) were assayed in normal human and 
				xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts with a monoclonal 
				antibody against these dimers and quantitative fluorescence 
				microscopy. 
				
				PMID: 2306742
Using the antisera 
				(UV2) raised against UV-induced thymidine dimers and a sensitive 
				immunofluorescence assay to measure UV-induced thymidine dimers 
				and with detection in ACAS 570 Workstation. 
				
				PMID: 2106726
Cyclobutane thymine dimers were quantified in 
				situ by means of an immunofluorescence assay with a specific 
				monoclonal antibody.
				
				PMID: 8041808
Dimers were assayed in 
				skin sections by immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal 
				antibody against the cyclobutyl thymine dimer. 
				
				PMID: 2045678
A monoclonal antibody 
				specific for cyclobutane thymine dimers in DNA was used in 
				immunofluorescence studies to detect these lesions in skin 
				sections taken from hairless mice that had been irradiated with 
				UV-B. 
				
				PMID: 2029750
An indirect immuno-fluorescence 
				assay was used to examine the location of thymine dimers induced 
				by 254-nm UV radiation (UVC) or 280-400 nm UV radiation (UVAB) 
				in ears and dorsal skin. 
				
				PMID: 3281146
Immunohistochemistry
detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, 
				(6-4) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of 
				UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the 
				demonstration of depth penetration effects.
				
				PMID: 7636638
DNA damage directly using a monoclonal 
				antibody to thymine dimers (a major category of DNA lesion 
				induced by UV radiation) on fixed human skin sections and 
				automated image analysis.
				
				PMID: 8095281
Radioimmuno Assay (RIA)
a sensitive radioimmuno 
				assay which is specific for thymine dimer, the main ultraviolet 
				photoproduct, and reinvestigated the thymine dimer excision in 
				fibroblasts from patients with Fanconi's anemia. 
				
				PMID: 4029168
A sensitive radioimmuno assay (RIA) method for detection of the UV photoproduct, thymine dimers (TT) has been developed. PMID: 6957705