A monocyte is a leukocyte, part of the human body's immune system that protects against blood-borne pathogens and moves quickly (aprox. 8-12 hours) to sites of infection in the tissues. Monocytes are usually identified in stained smears by their large bilobed nucleus.
Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from haematopoietic stem cell precursors called monoblasts. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically move into tissues throughout the body. They consist of between 3 to 8 percent of the leukocytes in the blood. In the tissues monocytes mature into different types of macrophages at different anatomical locations.
125I-WVH-1
shown to label the plasma membrane, as judged
by known markers, and represents a highly specific trace label,
applicable to the use of plasma membrane as an immunogen for
monoclonal antibody production.
PMID: 3971989
63D3
63D3 antigen expression is similar on
peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages and may be a
stable marker in the differentiation of monocytes to
macrophages.
PMID: 6349890
Adipophilin
a sensitive marker for lipid loading in human
blood monocytes.
PMID: 11420178
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
is consistently induced in monocytes in
culture.
PMID: 2833377
CB12
a differentiation marker specific for human
monocytes and their bone marrow precursors.
PMID: 3091273
CD11a (LFA-1 alpha)
leukocyte-function-associated antigen,
expressed on monocytes.
PMID: 7557500
CD11b
monocyte activation marker.
PMID: 12868785
CD14
the monocyte differentiation marker.
PMID: 1717365
surface molecule of human monocytes.
PMID: 1706877
monocyte activation marker.
PMID: 15896827
CD15
monocyte activation marker.
PMID: 12868785
CD54
a key factor in monocyte adhesion.
PMID: 16920859
CD62L (L-selectin)
monocyte activation marker.
PMID: 12868785
CD163
a monocyte/macrophage-specific marker.
PMID: 15615263,
PMID: 12570164
Cytidine Deaminase (CDD, EC 3.5.4.5)
a marker of monocyte/macrophage
differentiation.
PMID: 8422236
DH59B
a pan-granulocyte/monocyte surface molecule
that reacted with a 96 kDa pan-granulocyte/monocyte specific
surface protein and identified macrophages and Kupffer cells in
equine tissue sections.
PMID: 7750989
Fc-receptors
human monocytes have two distinct Fc receptor
sites, which must specifically and directly interact with T
cell-bound anti-T3 antibodies for mitogenesis.
PMID: 3923099
Two distinct classes of IgG Fc receptors on a
human monocyte line (U937) defined by differences in binding of
murine IgG subclasses at low ionic strength.
PMID: 2931481
Two types of IgG FcR, FcRI and FcRII, are
constitutively expressed by human monocytes.
PMID: 2966198
Flt-1
also known as vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), is a novel cell surface marker for
the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans.
PMID: 11157498
HLA-DR
Monitoring of monocyte HLA-DR expression may be a useful marker for identifying the patients who are at high risk of sepsis in acute pancreatitis. PMID: 12370535
hMGL
the dermal hMGL(+) cells are a subset of
differentiated cells derived from monocytes and that hMGL is a
unique marker for cells at an intermediate stage of macrophage
differentiation.
PMID: 12039906
Ki-M1p
a monocyte marker.
PMID: 9236835
Leucocyte tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
(FATRE)
a marker for the transition of monocyte to
macrophage.
PMID: 10347964
Leu-7
The majority of Leu-7-positive cells coexpressed a monocyte phenotype and showed an ultrastructural pattern specific for functional natural killer (NK) cells. PMID: 3928537
Lysozyme
a potential marker of monocyte/macrophage
activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
PMID: 10587554
Mannosyl Receptors
may constitute an early marker for
differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.
PMID: 3918878
Peanut Agglutinin (PNA)
a marker for normal and leukaemic cells of
the monocyte lineage.
PMID: 6809376
Thromboplastin
a useful marker for monocyte differentiation.
PMID: 6821657
Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP)
a marker of protumor monocytes in breast
cancer.
PMID: 10353748
TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)
a marker for monocyte function in chronic
myeloid leukemia.
PMID: 8630684
Urokinase (UK)
a serine protease produced by activated human
monocytes.
PMID: 9715259
VEP8 and VEP9
raised against the promyelomonocytic leukemia
cell line HL60 have previously been shown to distinguish human
granulocytes and monocytes from other cells of the peripheral
blood.
PMID: 6189722
Other Monocyte Markers
colloidal gold uptake is a marker of monocyte
differentiation and maturation and can provide additional
information for ANLL cytology.
PMID: 1498317
Monocyte chemotaxis: a method for routine in
vitro investigation using lactic dehydrogenase as a marker
enzyme.
PMID: 3577766
alpha-naphthyl butyrate is a specific
monocyte marker.
PMID: 6658305
A monoclonal antibody recognising a surface
marker on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) monocytes.
PMID: 11308075
The cytochemical detection of monocytes,
lymphocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes by using
marker enzymes.
PMID: 2168830
The thiol-proteindisulfide-oxidoreductase--a
new marker enzyme of monocytes from peripheral blood.
PMID: 2951987
Monocyte markers – review article.
PMID: 2080277