Proliferation Markers

 

 

 

AgNOR

  • AgNOR method, originally developed by Ploton and coworkers in 1986, modified and standardized by the AgNOR committee, is an easy, inexpensive silver-staining procedure used to determine cell proliferation and prognosis of various tumors. Due to the standardized staining protocol of the AgNOR method and a postfixation step, results obtained were of excellent quality for image-analysis processing. PMID: 9163877, PMID: 7608380, PMID: 1955936

Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA)

ANT2

  • expressed during the proliferation state via a mechanism that most probably includes transcription repression/derepression. PMID: 10222150

B23

  • for recognition of human peripheral lymphocytes at early stages of their activation for proliferation, preceding the S-phase. PMID: 12057857

BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine)

  • an exogenously administered DNA precursor label. PMID: 7912188

  • a proliferation marker. PMID: 9268038

  • although BrdU and PCNA labeling techniques may both be effective for evaluating cell proliferation rates, it must be recognized that labeling indices derived from each are not entirely synonymous. PMID: 7678022

Cdk1

Choline

  • used for the evaluation of tumor proliferation through estimating choline kinase activity. PMID: 15464387

Claspin

  • a proliferation marker in human cancer and normal tissues. PMID: 17152083

Cyclin A

  • a marker of cell proliferation expressed in human hematological malignancies. PMID: 8417814

CYR61

  • a useful marker of cell proliferation in a number of prostatic pathologies. PMID: 16487580

Fen1

Geminin

  • expressed specifically in proliferating lymphocytes and epithelial cells. PMID: 12107111

Histone H3

  • a reliable proliferation marker in benign, semi-malignant and malignant lesions of the head and neck. PMID: 8398275

HsMCM2

IL-2

  • strongly associated with cell proliferation and significantly correlates with the histological tumor grade. PMID: 9562569

IL-6

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

  • IL-2 expression in human carcinoma tissues is strongly associated with cell proliferation and significantly correlates with the histological tumor grade. PMID: 9562569

Ki-67 (MIB-1)

  • a nuclear ant1igen detected in G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle, but not in G0, and thus, is a widely accepted proliferation marker. PMID: 16295759

  • has an essential role in cell proliferation, and present in all dividing cells of normal and tumor tissues, but absent in resting cells. PMID: 15104289

Ki-S1

  • a novel proliferative marker: flow cytometric assessment of staining in human breast carcinoma cells. PMID: 7682430

Ki-S2

LigI (5H5)

  • a valuable tool for labeling proliferating cells that can be conveniently used in Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. PMID: 16377576

MCM2

  • MCM2 expression can be used to assess tumor proliferation. PMID: 16368013

  • Cell proliferation marker MCM2, but not Ki67, is a helpful marker for differentiating MIFC from FA. PMID: 16722928

  • may be a more reliable and useful marker than Ki-67 in assessing the growth of normal and tumor cells. PMID: 12949987

MCM6

  • involved in the initiation of DNA replication and thus represent a marker of proliferating cells. PMID: 16189522

MCM7

  • a more reliable and useful marker than Ki67 in assessing tumor proliferation and in the prognosis of patients. PMID: 15720416

  • may be a useful proliferation marker in prostatic neoplasia. PMID: 15452160

Mitosin

MUM1

p120

  • a marker for proliferation in human lung cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and that it has an important function in the cell cycle of tumor proliferation. PMID: 9815576

PCNA

  • a endogenous marker for cell proliferation and replication. PMID: 8097093, PMID: 7912188

  • a cell proliferation marker in vocal cord cancer. PMID: 7654040, PMID: 8744797

  • a marker to study human colonic cell proliferation. PMID: 7909785

  • although BrdU and PCNA labeling techniques may both be effective for evaluating cell proliferation rates, it must be recognized that labeling indices derived from each are not entirely synonymous. PMID: 7678022

PDPK

PLK (polo-like kinase)

PTTG (Pituitary tumor transforming gene)

  • may be a novel marker of cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo liver regeneration. PMID: 15936773

Stathmin

  • a marker of cell proliferation in the recovery phase of acute ischemic renal failure. PMID: 15075220

STK1

  • a more sensitive proliferation marker in human solid tumors than its activity. PMID: 16142366

TK-1 (Thymidine Kinase 1)

  • a proliferation marker for determining prognosis and monitoring the surgical outcome of primary bladder carcinoma patients. PMID: 16391869, PMID: 8793383

Topoisomerase II alpha (topo II alpha)

TPS (Tissue polypeptide specific antigen)

  • a tumor proliferation serotest marker, and useful tool for the identification of proliferative epithelial cells. PMID: 7682800

Transcobalamin II

WT1

  • a surrogate marker of proliferation, not only in leukemogenesis but also, to a lesser degree, in normal cell proliferation. PMID: 16040384

  • WT1 gene is a surrogate marker of proliferation, not only in leukemogenesis but also, to a lesser degree, in normal cell proliferation. PMID: 16040384